See kazą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kaʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaʀ\nOld English: *cær\n⇒? Old English: *buncær (first element uncertain)\nEarly Scots: bonker, bunkur, bunker (possibly)\nScots: bunker\n→ English: bunker\nOld Saxon: *kar\nMiddle Low German: kar, kare\nOld Dutch: *kar\nMiddle Dutch: car, care, caer\nDutch: kaar\nOld High German: kar\nMiddle High German: kar\nGerman: Kar (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaʀ\nOld English: *cær\n⇒? Old English: *buncær (first element uncertain)\nEarly Scots: bonker, bunkur, bunker (possibly)\nScots: bunker\n→ English: bunker\nOld Saxon: *kar\nMiddle Low German: kar, kare\nOld Dutch: *kar\nMiddle Dutch: car, care, caer\nDutch: kaar\nOld High German: kar\nMiddle High German: kar\nGerman: Kar (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ker"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: ker\nIcelandic: ker\nFaroese: ker\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kjer\nNorwegian Bokmål: kjer\nOld Swedish: kar\nSwedish: kar\nOld Danish: kar\nDanish: kar\nNorwegian Bokmål: kar\n→ Icelandic: kar\n→ Faroese: kar\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: ker\nIcelandic: ker\nFaroese: ker\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kjer\nNorwegian Bokmål: kjer\nOld Swedish: kar\nSwedish: kar\nOld Danish: kar\nDanish: kar\nNorwegian Bokmål: kar\n→ Icelandic: kar\n→ Faroese: kar\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌺𐌰𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍃 (kas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍃 (kas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*kārē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *kārē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *kārē (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kas-",
"3": "",
"4": "to throw, toss, raise, bring up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kas- (“to throw, toss, raise, bring up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kʷer-",
"3": "",
"4": "bowl, vessel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“bowl, vessel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hweraz",
"3": "",
"4": "kettle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hweraz (“kettle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷaryos",
"3": "",
"4": "cauldron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos (“cauldron”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "sem-pro",
"3": "*kaʔs-",
"4": "",
"5": "beaker, goblet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic *kaʔs- (“beaker, goblet”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unknown origin.\nTraditionally derived from a Proto-Germanic *kas- (“to throw, toss, raise, bring up”), itself of uncertain origin (see also *kastōną (“to throw”)), though Kroonen rejects this on phonetic grounds. Other theories connecting the word to Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“bowl, vessel”) (whence Proto-Germanic *hweraz (“kettle”) and Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos (“cauldron”)) are semantically attractive, but phonetically impossible via inherited sound laws (thus, if related, a borrowing must have taken place).\nOrel prefers to take the root as a cultural loanword, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *kaʔs- (“beaker, goblet”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kazą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kazą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kazō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kazą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kazas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kazai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kazō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kazą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*kastô; Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "kastō"
},
{
"word": "kazjô"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vessel, vat, tub, barrel"
],
"id": "en-kazą-gem-pro-noun-um5MLBS4",
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"vat",
"vat"
],
[
"tub",
"tub"
],
[
"barrel",
"barrel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kasą"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑ.zɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "kazą"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*kastô; Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "kastō"
},
{
"word": "kazjô"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kaʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaʀ\nOld English: *cær\n⇒? Old English: *buncær (first element uncertain)\nEarly Scots: bonker, bunkur, bunker (possibly)\nScots: bunker\n→ English: bunker\nOld Saxon: *kar\nMiddle Low German: kar, kare\nOld Dutch: *kar\nMiddle Dutch: car, care, caer\nDutch: kaar\nOld High German: kar\nMiddle High German: kar\nGerman: Kar (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaʀ\nOld English: *cær\n⇒? Old English: *buncær (first element uncertain)\nEarly Scots: bonker, bunkur, bunker (possibly)\nScots: bunker\n→ English: bunker\nOld Saxon: *kar\nMiddle Low German: kar, kare\nOld Dutch: *kar\nMiddle Dutch: car, care, caer\nDutch: kaar\nOld High German: kar\nMiddle High German: kar\nGerman: Kar (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ker"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: ker\nIcelandic: ker\nFaroese: ker\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kjer\nNorwegian Bokmål: kjer\nOld Swedish: kar\nSwedish: kar\nOld Danish: kar\nDanish: kar\nNorwegian Bokmål: kar\n→ Icelandic: kar\n→ Faroese: kar\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: ker\nIcelandic: ker\nFaroese: ker\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kjer\nNorwegian Bokmål: kjer\nOld Swedish: kar\nSwedish: kar\nOld Danish: kar\nDanish: kar\nNorwegian Bokmål: kar\n→ Icelandic: kar\n→ Faroese: kar\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌺𐌰𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍃 (kas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍃 (kas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*kārē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *kārē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *kārē (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kas-",
"3": "",
"4": "to throw, toss, raise, bring up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kas- (“to throw, toss, raise, bring up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kʷer-",
"3": "",
"4": "bowl, vessel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“bowl, vessel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hweraz",
"3": "",
"4": "kettle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hweraz (“kettle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷaryos",
"3": "",
"4": "cauldron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos (“cauldron”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "sem-pro",
"3": "*kaʔs-",
"4": "",
"5": "beaker, goblet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic *kaʔs- (“beaker, goblet”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unknown origin.\nTraditionally derived from a Proto-Germanic *kas- (“to throw, toss, raise, bring up”), itself of uncertain origin (see also *kastōną (“to throw”)), though Kroonen rejects this on phonetic grounds. Other theories connecting the word to Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“bowl, vessel”) (whence Proto-Germanic *hweraz (“kettle”) and Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos (“cauldron”)) are semantically attractive, but phonetically impossible via inherited sound laws (thus, if related, a borrowing must have taken place).\nOrel prefers to take the root as a cultural loanword, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *kaʔs- (“beaker, goblet”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kazą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kazą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kazō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kazą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kazas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kazai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kazō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kazamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kazą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Semitic",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gem-pro:Containers"
],
"glosses": [
"vessel, vat, tub, barrel"
],
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"vat",
"vat"
],
[
"tub",
"tub"
],
[
"barrel",
"barrel"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑ.zɑ̃/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kasą"
}
],
"word": "kazą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kazą meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.