See kalmaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kalmaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kalm",
"3": "*kalmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalm, *kalmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalm, *kalmā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*chalm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *chalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *chalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "āchalm",
"3": "āhhalm",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: āchalm, āhhalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: āchalm, āhhalm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lng",
"2": "*chalm",
"3": "*chalma"
},
"expansion": "Lombardic: *chalm, *chalma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombardic: *chalm, *chalma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oit",
"2": "calma",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Italian: calma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Italian: calma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "calme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: calme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: calme"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "calme",
"3": "calm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: calme, calm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: calme, calm"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calm"
},
"expansion": "English: calm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: calm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-",
"t": "to be cold, freeze"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold, freeze”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold, freeze”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmōz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmōz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmanz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmǫ̂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmamaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmamiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kalmijô"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coldness, freeze, frost, frozenness"
],
"id": "en-kalmaz-gem-pro-noun-FkilFlnu",
"links": [
[
"coldness",
"coldness"
],
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
],
[
"frost",
"frost"
],
[
"frozenness",
"frozenness"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kalaną"
},
{
"word": "kōluz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kalmǭ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑl.mɑz/"
}
],
"word": "kalmaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kalmijô"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kalm",
"3": "*kalmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalm, *kalmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kalm, *kalmā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*chalm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *chalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *chalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "āchalm",
"3": "āhhalm",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: āchalm, āhhalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: āchalm, āhhalm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lng",
"2": "*chalm",
"3": "*chalma"
},
"expansion": "Lombardic: *chalm, *chalma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombardic: *chalm, *chalma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oit",
"2": "calma",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Italian: calma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Italian: calma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "calme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: calme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: calme"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "calme",
"3": "calm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: calme, calm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: calme, calm"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calm"
},
"expansion": "English: calm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: calm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-",
"t": "to be cold, freeze"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold, freeze”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold, freeze”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmōz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmōz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmanz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmǫ̂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmamaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalmamiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kalaną"
},
{
"word": "kōluz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"coldness, freeze, frost, frozenness"
],
"links": [
[
"coldness",
"coldness"
],
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
],
[
"frost",
"frost"
],
[
"frozenness",
"frozenness"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑl.mɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kalmǭ"
}
],
"word": "kalmaz"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.