See kakǭ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kakā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kakā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kakā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ceace"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ceace",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ceace; *cieċil, cyċel, ciċel (< *kakilaz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "kichel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: kichel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: kichel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kaka",
"3": "*koka"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kaka, *koka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kaka, *koka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "koke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: koke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: koke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "koke"
},
"expansion": "Low German: koke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: koke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "coca"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: coca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: coca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "coca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: coca\n→ English: coca",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: coca\n→ English: coca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚲᚨᚲᛟ",
"tr": "*kakō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚲᚨᚲᛟ (*kakō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚲᚨᚲᛟ (*kakō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kaka"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kaka\nIcelandic: kaka\nFaroese: køka, kaka\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kake\nOld Swedish: kaka\nSwedish: kaka\nOld Danish: kakæ\nDanish: kage\n→ Greenlandic: kaagi\nNorwegian Bokmål: kake\nScanian: kâga\nGutnish: kake\n→ Middle English: cake, kake, caake, cayk\nEnglish: cake (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: kyek\nScots: cake\nYola: caake, kaake\n→ Irish: cáca",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kaka\nIcelandic: kaka\nFaroese: køka, kaka\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kake\nOld Swedish: kaka\nSwedish: kaka\nOld Danish: kakæ\nDanish: kage\n→ Greenlandic: kaagi\nNorwegian Bokmål: kake\nScanian: kâga\nGutnish: kake\n→ Middle English: cake, kake, caake, cayk\nEnglish: cake (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: kyek\nScots: cake\nYola: caake, kaake\n→ Irish: cáca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kakku",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kakku",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from earlier Proto-Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(or from earlier Proto-Germanic)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kakku (or from earlier Proto-Germanic)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kakk"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kakk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kakk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kakku",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kakku, kaakku, kakko (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kakku, kaakku, kakko (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kak"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: kak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: kak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "kakku",
"3": "kakko"
},
"expansion": "Votic: kakku, kakko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: kakku, kakko"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gúogas",
"3": "",
"4": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gúogas (“skull”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gag-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. The relationship with Lithuanian gúogas (“skull”) by supposed Proto-Indo-European *gag-, *gōg- (“something round, something lumpy”) is highly doubtful. Compare *kōkô (“cake”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kakǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kakǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kakǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kakilaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cake"
],
"id": "en-kakǭ-gem-pro-noun-Ms22GRli",
"links": [
[
"cake",
"cake"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kōkô"
},
{
"word": "kōkilaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑ.kɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "kakǭ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kakilaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kakā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kakā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kakā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ceace"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ceace",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ceace; *cieċil, cyċel, ciċel (< *kakilaz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "kichel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: kichel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: kichel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kaka",
"3": "*koka"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kaka, *koka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kaka, *koka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "koke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: koke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: koke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "koke"
},
"expansion": "Low German: koke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: koke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "coca"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: coca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: coca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "coca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: coca\n→ English: coca",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: coca\n→ English: coca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚲᚨᚲᛟ",
"tr": "*kakō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚲᚨᚲᛟ (*kakō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚲᚨᚲᛟ (*kakō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kaka"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kaka\nIcelandic: kaka\nFaroese: køka, kaka\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kake\nOld Swedish: kaka\nSwedish: kaka\nOld Danish: kakæ\nDanish: kage\n→ Greenlandic: kaagi\nNorwegian Bokmål: kake\nScanian: kâga\nGutnish: kake\n→ Middle English: cake, kake, caake, cayk\nEnglish: cake (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: kyek\nScots: cake\nYola: caake, kaake\n→ Irish: cáca",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kaka\nIcelandic: kaka\nFaroese: køka, kaka\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kake\nOld Swedish: kaka\nSwedish: kaka\nOld Danish: kakæ\nDanish: kage\n→ Greenlandic: kaagi\nNorwegian Bokmål: kake\nScanian: kâga\nGutnish: kake\n→ Middle English: cake, kake, caake, cayk\nEnglish: cake (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: kyek\nScots: cake\nYola: caake, kaake\n→ Irish: cáca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kakku",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kakku",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from earlier Proto-Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(or from earlier Proto-Germanic)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kakku (or from earlier Proto-Germanic)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kakk"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kakk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kakk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kakku",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kakku, kaakku, kakko (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kakku, kaakku, kakko (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kak"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: kak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: kak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "kakku",
"3": "kakko"
},
"expansion": "Votic: kakku, kakko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: kakku, kakko"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gúogas",
"3": "",
"4": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gúogas (“skull”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gag-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. The relationship with Lithuanian gúogas (“skull”) by supposed Proto-Indo-European *gag-, *gōg- (“something round, something lumpy”) is highly doubtful. Compare *kōkô (“cake”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kakǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kakǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kakōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kakǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kōkô"
},
{
"word": "kōkilaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"cake"
],
"links": [
[
"cake",
"cake"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑ.kɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "kakǭ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kakǭ meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.