See kōkô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*cōca"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *cōca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *cōca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kōka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kōka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kōka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kouke"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kouke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kouke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "koeke"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: koeke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: koeke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kōko",
"3": "*koko"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kōko, *koko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kōko, *koko"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kôke",
"3": "kûke",
"id": "cake"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kôke, kûke\nGerman Low German: Kook, Kauken\n⇒ German Low German: Kookje (diminutive)\n→ Estonian: kook\n→ Latvian: kūka",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kôke, kûke\nGerman Low German: Kook, Kauken\n⇒ German Low German: Kookje (diminutive)\n→ Estonian: kook\n→ Latvian: kūka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kuoko"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kuoko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kuoko"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "coeke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: coeke\nDutch: koek\nAfrikaans: koek\n→ Sotho: kuku\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kuku\nJersey Dutch: kuk\n→ Sranan Tongo: kuku\n→ Lokono: kuku\n→ Aukan: kuku\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: kuku\n→ Caribbean Javanese: kuku\n→ Kwinti: kúku\n→ Saramaccan: kúku\n⇒ Dutch: koekje (diminutive)\n→ English: cookie (see there for further descendants)\nNegerhollands: koeki, kuki, kukkie\nLimburgish: kook\n→ Bourguignon: couque\n→ French: couque\nFrench: cocagne\n→? English: Cockaigne\n→ Picard: couque",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: coeke\nDutch: koek\nAfrikaans: koek\n→ Sotho: kuku\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kuku\nJersey Dutch: kuk\n→ Sranan Tongo: kuku\n→ Lokono: kuku\n→ Aukan: kuku\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: kuku\n→ Caribbean Javanese: kuku\n→ Kwinti: kúku\n→ Saramaccan: kúku\n⇒ Dutch: koekje (diminutive)\n→ English: cookie (see there for further descendants)\nNegerhollands: koeki, kuki, kukkie\nLimburgish: kook\n→ Bourguignon: couque\n→ French: couque\nFrench: cocagne\n→? English: Cockaigne\n→ Picard: couque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kuohho"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kuohho, kuocho, chuohho\nMiddle High German: kuoche\nAlemannic German: Chueche\nBavarian: Kuacha, Kuachn\nCentral Franconian:\nEiflerisch: Kooche\nHunsrik: Kughe\nLuxembourgish: Kuch\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Kugn\nMeißnisch: Kuchn\nOsterländisch: Guchn\nVilamovian: kücha\nEast Franconian:\nLower East Franconian: Kuache, Kuachn\nSouthern East Franconian: Kuacha\nUpper East Franconian: Kuchn, Kougn\nGerman: Kuchen\n→ English: kuchen\n→ Esperanto: kuko\nIdo: kuko\n→ Japanese: クーヘン (kūhen)\n→ Kashubian: kùch\n→ Portuguese: cuca, cuque\n→ Spanish: kuchen\nRhine Franconian: Kuche\nFrankfurterisch: [kʰuxə]\nLorraine Franconian: Küeche\n→ French: quiche\n→ Danish: quiche\n→ Dutch: quiche\n→ English: quiche\n→ Japanese: キッシュ (kisshu)\n→ Korean: 키슈 (kisyu), 키쉬 (kiswi)\n→ Esperanto: kiŝo\n→ German: Quiche\n→ Greek: κις (kis)\n→ Polish: quiche, kisz\n→ Portuguese: quiche\n→ Russian: киш (kiš)\n→ Spanish: quiche\n→ Swedish: quiche\n→ Thai: กิช (gìch)\nPennsylvania German: Kuche\nYiddish: קוכן (kukhn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kuohho, kuocho, chuohho\nMiddle High German: kuoche\nAlemannic German: Chueche\nBavarian: Kuacha, Kuachn\nCentral Franconian:\nEiflerisch: Kooche\nHunsrik: Kughe\nLuxembourgish: Kuch\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Kugn\nMeißnisch: Kuchn\nOsterländisch: Guchn\nVilamovian: kücha\nEast Franconian:\nLower East Franconian: Kuache, Kuachn\nSouthern East Franconian: Kuacha\nUpper East Franconian: Kuchn, Kougn\nGerman: Kuchen\n→ English: kuchen\n→ Esperanto: kuko\nIdo: kuko\n→ Japanese: クーヘン (kūhen)\n→ Kashubian: kùch\n→ Portuguese: cuca, cuque\n→ Spanish: kuchen\nRhine Franconian: Kuche\nFrankfurterisch: [kʰuxə]\nLorraine Franconian: Küeche\n→ French: quiche\n→ Danish: quiche\n→ Dutch: quiche\n→ English: quiche\n→ Japanese: キッシュ (kisshu)\n→ Korean: 키슈 (kisyu), 키쉬 (kiswi)\n→ Esperanto: kiŝo\n→ German: Quiche\n→ Greek: κις (kis)\n→ Polish: quiche, kisz\n→ Portuguese: quiche\n→ Russian: киш (kiš)\n→ Spanish: quiche\n→ Swedish: quiche\n→ Thai: กิช (gìch)\nPennsylvania German: Kuche\nYiddish: קוכן (kukhn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*kóki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *kóki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *kóki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: kok (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gag-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*geh₂g-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *geh₂g-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "sound-symbolic",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gag- ~ *gōg- (“round, ball-shaped object; lump; clump”), but this reconstruction is obsolete in view of modern laryngeal theory as well as semantically gratuitous. Proto-Indo-European *geh₂g- or similar is possible, with the zero grade seen in the synonym *kakǭ, but external cognates are unknown. Possibly a sound-symbolic invention.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōkô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kōkilaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cake"
],
"id": "en-kōkô-gem-pro-noun-Ms22GRli",
"links": [
[
"cake",
"cake"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kakǭ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔː.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "kōkô"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kōkilaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*cōca"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *cōca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *cōca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kōka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kōka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kōka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kouke"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kouke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kouke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "koeke"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: koeke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: koeke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kōko",
"3": "*koko"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kōko, *koko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kōko, *koko"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kôke",
"3": "kûke",
"id": "cake"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kôke, kûke\nGerman Low German: Kook, Kauken\n⇒ German Low German: Kookje (diminutive)\n→ Estonian: kook\n→ Latvian: kūka",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kôke, kûke\nGerman Low German: Kook, Kauken\n⇒ German Low German: Kookje (diminutive)\n→ Estonian: kook\n→ Latvian: kūka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kuoko"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kuoko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kuoko"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "coeke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: coeke\nDutch: koek\nAfrikaans: koek\n→ Sotho: kuku\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kuku\nJersey Dutch: kuk\n→ Sranan Tongo: kuku\n→ Lokono: kuku\n→ Aukan: kuku\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: kuku\n→ Caribbean Javanese: kuku\n→ Kwinti: kúku\n→ Saramaccan: kúku\n⇒ Dutch: koekje (diminutive)\n→ English: cookie (see there for further descendants)\nNegerhollands: koeki, kuki, kukkie\nLimburgish: kook\n→ Bourguignon: couque\n→ French: couque\nFrench: cocagne\n→? English: Cockaigne\n→ Picard: couque",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: coeke\nDutch: koek\nAfrikaans: koek\n→ Sotho: kuku\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kuku\nJersey Dutch: kuk\n→ Sranan Tongo: kuku\n→ Lokono: kuku\n→ Aukan: kuku\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: kuku\n→ Caribbean Javanese: kuku\n→ Kwinti: kúku\n→ Saramaccan: kúku\n⇒ Dutch: koekje (diminutive)\n→ English: cookie (see there for further descendants)\nNegerhollands: koeki, kuki, kukkie\nLimburgish: kook\n→ Bourguignon: couque\n→ French: couque\nFrench: cocagne\n→? English: Cockaigne\n→ Picard: couque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kuohho"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kuohho, kuocho, chuohho\nMiddle High German: kuoche\nAlemannic German: Chueche\nBavarian: Kuacha, Kuachn\nCentral Franconian:\nEiflerisch: Kooche\nHunsrik: Kughe\nLuxembourgish: Kuch\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Kugn\nMeißnisch: Kuchn\nOsterländisch: Guchn\nVilamovian: kücha\nEast Franconian:\nLower East Franconian: Kuache, Kuachn\nSouthern East Franconian: Kuacha\nUpper East Franconian: Kuchn, Kougn\nGerman: Kuchen\n→ English: kuchen\n→ Esperanto: kuko\nIdo: kuko\n→ Japanese: クーヘン (kūhen)\n→ Kashubian: kùch\n→ Portuguese: cuca, cuque\n→ Spanish: kuchen\nRhine Franconian: Kuche\nFrankfurterisch: [kʰuxə]\nLorraine Franconian: Küeche\n→ French: quiche\n→ Danish: quiche\n→ Dutch: quiche\n→ English: quiche\n→ Japanese: キッシュ (kisshu)\n→ Korean: 키슈 (kisyu), 키쉬 (kiswi)\n→ Esperanto: kiŝo\n→ German: Quiche\n→ Greek: κις (kis)\n→ Polish: quiche, kisz\n→ Portuguese: quiche\n→ Russian: киш (kiš)\n→ Spanish: quiche\n→ Swedish: quiche\n→ Thai: กิช (gìch)\nPennsylvania German: Kuche\nYiddish: קוכן (kukhn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kuohho, kuocho, chuohho\nMiddle High German: kuoche\nAlemannic German: Chueche\nBavarian: Kuacha, Kuachn\nCentral Franconian:\nEiflerisch: Kooche\nHunsrik: Kughe\nLuxembourgish: Kuch\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Kugn\nMeißnisch: Kuchn\nOsterländisch: Guchn\nVilamovian: kücha\nEast Franconian:\nLower East Franconian: Kuache, Kuachn\nSouthern East Franconian: Kuacha\nUpper East Franconian: Kuchn, Kougn\nGerman: Kuchen\n→ English: kuchen\n→ Esperanto: kuko\nIdo: kuko\n→ Japanese: クーヘン (kūhen)\n→ Kashubian: kùch\n→ Portuguese: cuca, cuque\n→ Spanish: kuchen\nRhine Franconian: Kuche\nFrankfurterisch: [kʰuxə]\nLorraine Franconian: Küeche\n→ French: quiche\n→ Danish: quiche\n→ Dutch: quiche\n→ English: quiche\n→ Japanese: キッシュ (kisshu)\n→ Korean: 키슈 (kisyu), 키쉬 (kiswi)\n→ Esperanto: kiŝo\n→ German: Quiche\n→ Greek: κις (kis)\n→ Polish: quiche, kisz\n→ Portuguese: quiche\n→ Russian: киш (kiš)\n→ Spanish: quiche\n→ Swedish: quiche\n→ Thai: กิช (gìch)\nPennsylvania German: Kuche\nYiddish: קוכן (kukhn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*kóki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *kóki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *kóki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: kok (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gag-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*geh₂g-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *geh₂g-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "sound-symbolic",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gag- ~ *gōg- (“round, ball-shaped object; lump; clump”), but this reconstruction is obsolete in view of modern laryngeal theory as well as semantically gratuitous. Proto-Indo-European *geh₂g- or similar is possible, with the zero grade seen in the synonym *kakǭ, but external cognates are unknown. Possibly a sound-symbolic invention.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōkammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōkô",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kakǭ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic sound-symbolic terms",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"cake"
],
"links": [
[
"cake",
"cake"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔː.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "kōkô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kōkô meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.