See ja in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jabai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jahw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jah"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*jā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *jā\nOld English: ġēa, iā; ġē\nMiddle English: ȝea, ye, ya\nScots: ya, yea, ay, aye, yo\nEnglish: ya, yea, yo\nOld Frisian: jē, gē; jā, jē, jō\nSaterland Frisian: ja, jee\nWest Frisian: ja\nOld Saxon: jā, giā; ge, gi, gie, gia\nMiddle Low German: ja, jâ\nGerman Low German: ja\nOld Dutch: *jā\nMiddle Dutch: jâ\nDutch: ja\nAfrikaans: ja\nIndonesian: ya\nMalay: ya\nBerbice Creole Dutch: ja\nJersey Dutch: jâ\nNegerhollands: ja, ju\nSkepi Creole Dutch: ja\nLimburgish: jao\nOld High German: jā\nMiddle High German: ja, jā\nAlemannic German: ja, jaa, jòò, jä\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: ja\nViennese: jå\nGerman: ja (standard); jo, joa (informal)\n→ English: ya\n→ Polish: jo\nLuxembourgish: jo\nYiddish: יאָ (yo)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *jā\nOld English: ġēa, iā; ġē\nMiddle English: ȝea, ye, ya\nScots: ya, yea, ay, aye, yo\nEnglish: ya, yea, yo\nOld Frisian: jē, gē; jā, jē, jō\nSaterland Frisian: ja, jee\nWest Frisian: ja\nOld Saxon: jā, giā; ge, gi, gie, gia\nMiddle Low German: ja, jâ\nGerman Low German: ja\nOld Dutch: *jā\nMiddle Dutch: jâ\nDutch: ja\nAfrikaans: ja\nIndonesian: ya\nMalay: ya\nBerbice Creole Dutch: ja\nJersey Dutch: jâ\nNegerhollands: ja, ju\nSkepi Creole Dutch: ja\nLimburgish: jao\nOld High German: jā\nMiddle High German: ja, jā\nAlemannic German: ja, jaa, jòò, jä\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: ja\nViennese: jå\nGerman: ja (standard); jo, joa (informal)\n→ English: ya\n→ Polish: jo\nLuxembourgish: jo\nYiddish: יאָ (yo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "já"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: já\nIcelandic: já\nFaroese: ja\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ja\nNorwegian Bokmål: ja\nOld Swedish: iā\nSwedish: ja\n→ Finnish: jaa\nDanish: ja, jo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: já\nIcelandic: já\nFaroese: ja\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ja\nNorwegian Bokmål: ja\nOld Swedish: iā\nSwedish: ja\n→ Finnish: jaa\nDanish: ja, jo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌰",
"3": "𐌾𐌰𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌾𐌰 (ja), 𐌾𐌰𐌹 (jai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌾𐌰 (ja), 𐌾𐌰𐌹 (jai)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "يَه"
},
"expansion": "Arabic يَه (yah)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ideophonic for paralingual expression of agreement, compare typologically Arabic يَه (yah) developed with the exact same meaning at the Yemenite Red Sea coast.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*jai",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"yes (confirmation particle)"
],
"id": "en-ja-gem-pro-particle-sR73dQ9Q",
"links": [
[
"yes",
"yes"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thus, so"
],
"id": "en-ja-gem-pro-particle-guWHs20u",
"links": [
[
"thus",
"thus"
],
[
"so",
"so"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɑ/"
}
],
"word": "ja"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic particles"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "jai"
},
{
"word": "jabai"
},
{
"word": "jahw"
},
{
"word": "jah"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*jā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *jā\nOld English: ġēa, iā; ġē\nMiddle English: ȝea, ye, ya\nScots: ya, yea, ay, aye, yo\nEnglish: ya, yea, yo\nOld Frisian: jē, gē; jā, jē, jō\nSaterland Frisian: ja, jee\nWest Frisian: ja\nOld Saxon: jā, giā; ge, gi, gie, gia\nMiddle Low German: ja, jâ\nGerman Low German: ja\nOld Dutch: *jā\nMiddle Dutch: jâ\nDutch: ja\nAfrikaans: ja\nIndonesian: ya\nMalay: ya\nBerbice Creole Dutch: ja\nJersey Dutch: jâ\nNegerhollands: ja, ju\nSkepi Creole Dutch: ja\nLimburgish: jao\nOld High German: jā\nMiddle High German: ja, jā\nAlemannic German: ja, jaa, jòò, jä\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: ja\nViennese: jå\nGerman: ja (standard); jo, joa (informal)\n→ English: ya\n→ Polish: jo\nLuxembourgish: jo\nYiddish: יאָ (yo)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *jā\nOld English: ġēa, iā; ġē\nMiddle English: ȝea, ye, ya\nScots: ya, yea, ay, aye, yo\nEnglish: ya, yea, yo\nOld Frisian: jē, gē; jā, jē, jō\nSaterland Frisian: ja, jee\nWest Frisian: ja\nOld Saxon: jā, giā; ge, gi, gie, gia\nMiddle Low German: ja, jâ\nGerman Low German: ja\nOld Dutch: *jā\nMiddle Dutch: jâ\nDutch: ja\nAfrikaans: ja\nIndonesian: ya\nMalay: ya\nBerbice Creole Dutch: ja\nJersey Dutch: jâ\nNegerhollands: ja, ju\nSkepi Creole Dutch: ja\nLimburgish: jao\nOld High German: jā\nMiddle High German: ja, jā\nAlemannic German: ja, jaa, jòò, jä\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: ja\nViennese: jå\nGerman: ja (standard); jo, joa (informal)\n→ English: ya\n→ Polish: jo\nLuxembourgish: jo\nYiddish: יאָ (yo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "já"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: já\nIcelandic: já\nFaroese: ja\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ja\nNorwegian Bokmål: ja\nOld Swedish: iā\nSwedish: ja\n→ Finnish: jaa\nDanish: ja, jo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: já\nIcelandic: já\nFaroese: ja\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ja\nNorwegian Bokmål: ja\nOld Swedish: iā\nSwedish: ja\n→ Finnish: jaa\nDanish: ja, jo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌰",
"3": "𐌾𐌰𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌾𐌰 (ja), 𐌾𐌰𐌹 (jai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌾𐌰 (ja), 𐌾𐌰𐌹 (jai)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "يَه"
},
"expansion": "Arabic يَه (yah)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ideophonic for paralingual expression of agreement, compare typologically Arabic يَه (yah) developed with the exact same meaning at the Yemenite Red Sea coast.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*jai",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"yes (confirmation particle)"
],
"links": [
[
"yes",
"yes"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thus, so"
],
"links": [
[
"thus",
"thus"
],
[
"so",
"so"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɑ/"
}
],
"word": "ja"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ja meaning in Proto-Germanic (3.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.