See haupaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*haup"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *haup\nOld English: hēap\nMiddle English: hepe, heep\nEnglish: heap\nScots: hepe, heip\nOld Frisian: hāp\nSaterland Frisian: Hoop\nWest Frisian: heap\nOld Saxon: hōp\nMiddle Low German: hôp\nGerman Low German: Hoop\n→ Old Norse: hópr\nIcelandic: hópur\nFaroese: hópur\nNorwegian: hop\nDanish: hob\nSwedish: hop\nOld Dutch: *hōp\nMiddle Dutch: hôop\nDutch: hoop\nAfrikaans: hoop\nLimburgish: houp\nOld High German: houf\nMiddle High German: houf\nGerman: Haufen (merged with *hūpô)\n→ Old French: houpe\nMiddle French: houppe\nFrench: houppe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *haup\nOld English: hēap\nMiddle English: hepe, heep\nEnglish: heap\nScots: hepe, heip\nOld Frisian: hāp\nSaterland Frisian: Hoop\nWest Frisian: heap\nOld Saxon: hōp\nMiddle Low German: hôp\nGerman Low German: Hoop\n→ Old Norse: hópr\nIcelandic: hópur\nFaroese: hópur\nNorwegian: hop\nDanish: hob\nSwedish: hop\nOld Dutch: *hōp\nMiddle Dutch: hôop\nDutch: hoop\nAfrikaans: hoop\nLimburgish: houp\nOld High German: houf\nMiddle High German: houf\nGerman: Haufen (merged with *hūpô)\n→ Old French: houpe\nMiddle French: houppe\nFrench: houppe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂wp-",
"t": "heap, pile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂wp- (“heap, pile”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀",
"t": "mountain, hump"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 (kaofa, “mountain, hump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúan",
"t": "pile"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cúan (“pile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaũpas",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaũpas (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kupъ",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *hauppaz, reflecting pre-Germanic *kouHp-nó- or *keh₂up-nó-, probably part of an ablauting n-stem paradigm *haufô ~ *huppaz, from which *hūpô also split off; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂wp- (“heap, pile”), a stem of unusual formation. Related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 (kaofa, “mountain, hump”), Old Irish cúan (“pile”), Lithuanian kaũpas (“heap”), Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haupaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haupōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haupōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haupōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haupą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haupas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haupai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haupō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haupaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hufą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hufraz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hūpô"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heap, pile"
],
"id": "en-haupaz-gem-pro-noun-~wJUDqAI",
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"pile",
"pile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) heap, pile"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crowd, throng"
],
"id": "en-haupaz-gem-pro-noun-4dnVeqSY",
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) crowd, throng"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑu̯.pɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hūpô"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hūfô"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Germanic parent language"
],
"word": "haupaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*haup"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *haup\nOld English: hēap\nMiddle English: hepe, heep\nEnglish: heap\nScots: hepe, heip\nOld Frisian: hāp\nSaterland Frisian: Hoop\nWest Frisian: heap\nOld Saxon: hōp\nMiddle Low German: hôp\nGerman Low German: Hoop\n→ Old Norse: hópr\nIcelandic: hópur\nFaroese: hópur\nNorwegian: hop\nDanish: hob\nSwedish: hop\nOld Dutch: *hōp\nMiddle Dutch: hôop\nDutch: hoop\nAfrikaans: hoop\nLimburgish: houp\nOld High German: houf\nMiddle High German: houf\nGerman: Haufen (merged with *hūpô)\n→ Old French: houpe\nMiddle French: houppe\nFrench: houppe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *haup\nOld English: hēap\nMiddle English: hepe, heep\nEnglish: heap\nScots: hepe, heip\nOld Frisian: hāp\nSaterland Frisian: Hoop\nWest Frisian: heap\nOld Saxon: hōp\nMiddle Low German: hôp\nGerman Low German: Hoop\n→ Old Norse: hópr\nIcelandic: hópur\nFaroese: hópur\nNorwegian: hop\nDanish: hob\nSwedish: hop\nOld Dutch: *hōp\nMiddle Dutch: hôop\nDutch: hoop\nAfrikaans: hoop\nLimburgish: houp\nOld High German: houf\nMiddle High German: houf\nGerman: Haufen (merged with *hūpô)\n→ Old French: houpe\nMiddle French: houppe\nFrench: houppe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂wp-",
"t": "heap, pile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂wp- (“heap, pile”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀",
"t": "mountain, hump"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 (kaofa, “mountain, hump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúan",
"t": "pile"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cúan (“pile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaũpas",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaũpas (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kupъ",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *hauppaz, reflecting pre-Germanic *kouHp-nó- or *keh₂up-nó-, probably part of an ablauting n-stem paradigm *haufô ~ *huppaz, from which *hūpô also split off; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂wp- (“heap, pile”), a stem of unusual formation. Related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 (kaofa, “mountain, hump”), Old Irish cúan (“pile”), Lithuanian kaũpas (“heap”), Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haupaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haupōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haupōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haupōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haupą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haupas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haupai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haupō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haupamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haupaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "hufą"
},
{
"word": "hufraz"
},
{
"word": "hūpô"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"West Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"heap, pile"
],
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"pile",
"pile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) heap, pile"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"West Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"crowd, throng"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) crowd, throng"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑu̯.pɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hūpô"
},
{
"word": "hūfô"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Germanic parent language"
],
"word": "haupaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for haupaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.