See hōbiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hōbī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hōbī\nOld English: *hēfe\n⇒ Old English: behēfe (“necessary”)\nMiddle English: biheve, behefe, behef, behieve",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hōbī\nOld English: *hēfe\n⇒ Old English: behēfe (“necessary”)\nMiddle English: biheve, behefe, behef, behieve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hœfr",
"3": "hǿfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hœfr, hǿfr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hœfr, hǿfr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hæfur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hæfur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hæfur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌷𐍉𐌱𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍉𐌱𐍃 (*hōbs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍉𐌱𐍃 (*hōbs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍉𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍉𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gahōbains)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍉𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gahōbains)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂p-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habjaną",
"ger": "1",
"t": "to have; to hold"
},
"expansion": "Vṛddhi gerundive of *habjaną (“to have; to hold”)",
"name": "vrd"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Vṛddhi gerundive of *habjaną (“to have; to hold”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōbiz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic vrddhi gerundives",
"parents": [
"Vrddhi gerundives",
"Vrddhi derivatives",
"Terms by etymology"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fitting, proper"
],
"id": "en-hōbiz-gem-pro-adj-K2s8cWdH",
"links": [
[
"fitting",
"fitting"
],
[
"proper",
"proper"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "haftijaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔː.βiz/"
}
],
"word": "hōbiz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hōbī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hōbī\nOld English: *hēfe\n⇒ Old English: behēfe (“necessary”)\nMiddle English: biheve, behefe, behef, behieve",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hōbī\nOld English: *hēfe\n⇒ Old English: behēfe (“necessary”)\nMiddle English: biheve, behefe, behef, behieve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hœfr",
"3": "hǿfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hœfr, hǿfr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hœfr, hǿfr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hæfur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hæfur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hæfur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌷𐍉𐌱𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍉𐌱𐍃 (*hōbs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍉𐌱𐍃 (*hōbs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍉𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍉𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gahōbains)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍉𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gahōbains)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂p-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habjaną",
"ger": "1",
"t": "to have; to hold"
},
"expansion": "Vṛddhi gerundive of *habjaną (“to have; to hold”)",
"name": "vrd"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Vṛddhi gerundive of *habjaną (“to have; to hold”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hōbijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōbiz",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "haftijaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂p-",
"Proto-Germanic vrddhi gerundives"
],
"glosses": [
"fitting, proper"
],
"links": [
[
"fitting",
"fitting"
],
[
"proper",
"proper"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔː.βiz/"
}
],
"word": "hōbiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hōbiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.