grēduz in Proto-Germanic

IPA: /ˈɣrɛː.ðuz/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Pre-Germanic *gʰreh₁tús, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-, *gʰer- (“to desire, enjoy”). Related to Latin horior (“to encourage”), Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to rejoice”), Sanskrit हर्यति (haryati, “to like, enjoy”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gʰer-|id=yearn}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*gʰreh₁-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-, {{cog|la|horior||to encourage}} Latin horior (“to encourage”), {{cog|grc|χαίρω||to rejoice}} Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to rejoice”), {{cog|sa|हर्यति||to like, enjoy}} Sanskrit हर्यति (haryati, “to like, enjoy”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], grēduz [nominative, singular], grēdiwiz [nominative, plural], grēdu [singular, vocative], grēdiwiz [plural, vocative], grēdų [accusative, singular], grēdunz [accusative, plural], grēdauz [genitive, singular], grēdiwǫ̂ [genitive, plural], grēdiwi [dative, singular], grēdumaz [dative, plural], grēdū [instrumental, singular], grēdumiz [instrumental, plural]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*grādu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *grādu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *grādu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "grǣd"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: grǣd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: grǣd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "gráðr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: gráðr, gráði\nIcelandic: gráður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: gråde\nOld Swedish: grādh f",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: gráðr, gráði\nIcelandic: gráður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: gråde\nOld Swedish: grādh f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍃 (grēdus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍃 (grēdus)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰer-",
        "id": "yearn"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʰreh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "horior",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to encourage"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin horior (“to encourage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χαίρω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rejoice"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to rejoice”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "हर्यति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to like, enjoy"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit हर्यति (haryati, “to like, enjoy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *gʰreh₁tús, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-, *gʰer- (“to desire, enjoy”). Related to Latin horior (“to encourage”), Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to rejoice”), Sanskrit हर्यति (haryati, “to like, enjoy”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēduz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdiwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdiwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdauz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdiwǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdiwi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdumaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdumiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grēduz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "grēdugaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "grēdagaz"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "desire, hunger"
      ],
      "id": "en-grēduz-gem-pro-noun-wqTH9Cr8",
      "links": [
        [
          "desire",
          "desire"
        ],
        [
          "hunger",
          "hunger"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "geraz"
        },
        {
          "word": "gernaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣrɛː.ðuz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "grēduz"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "grēdugaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "grēdagaz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*grādu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *grādu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *grādu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "grǣd"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: grǣd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: grǣd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "gráðr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: gráðr, gráði\nIcelandic: gráður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: gråde\nOld Swedish: grādh f",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: gráðr, gráði\nIcelandic: gráður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: gråde\nOld Swedish: grādh f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍃 (grēdus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍃 (grēdus)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰer-",
        "id": "yearn"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʰreh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "horior",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to encourage"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin horior (“to encourage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χαίρω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rejoice"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to rejoice”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "हर्यति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to like, enjoy"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit हर्यति (haryati, “to like, enjoy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *gʰreh₁tús, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-, *gʰer- (“to desire, enjoy”). Related to Latin horior (“to encourage”), Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to rejoice”), Sanskrit हर्यति (haryati, “to like, enjoy”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēduz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdiwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdiwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdauz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdiwǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdiwi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdumaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grēdumiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grēduz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "geraz"
    },
    {
      "word": "gernaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰer- (yearn)",
        "Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "desire, hunger"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "desire",
          "desire"
        ],
        [
          "hunger",
          "hunger"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣrɛː.ðuz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "grēduz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"grēduz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

Noun