"gernaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See gernaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈɣer.nɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-. Cognate with Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to be very glad”) and Latin horior (“to encourage”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gʰer-|id=yearn}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gʰer-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-, {{cog|grc|χαίρω||to be very glad}} Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to be very glad”), {{cog|la|horior||to encourage}} Latin horior (“to encourage”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|gern}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*gernaz|*gernanǭ|*gernas, -is|*gernammai|*gernanō|*gernai|*gernanz|*gernaizǫ̂|*gernaimaz|*gernaimiz|*gernō|*gernǭ|*gernaizōz|*gernaizōi|*gernaizō|*gernôz|*gernōz|*gernaizǫ̂|*gernaimaz|*gernaimiz|*gerną, -atō|*gerną, -atō|*gernas, -is|*gernammai|*gernanō|*gernō|*gernō|*gernaizǫ̂|*gernaimaz|*gernaimiz|*gernô|*gernanų|*gerniniz|*gernini|*gerninē|*gernaniz|*gernanunz|*gernanǫ̂|*gernammaz|*gernammiz|*gernǭ|*gernōnų|*gernōniz|*gernōni|*gernōnē|*gernōniz|*gernōnunz|*gernōnǫ̂|*gernōmaz|*gernōmiz|*gernô|*gernô|*gerniniz|*gernini|*gerninē|*gernōnō|*gernōnō|*gernanǫ̂|*gernammaz|*gernammiz|title=*gernaz (a-stem)}} Forms: gernô [adverb], no-table-tags [table-tags], gernaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], gernai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], gernō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], gernôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], gerną [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], gernō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], gernanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], gernanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], gernǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], gernōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], gerną [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], gernō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], gernas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], gernaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], gernaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], gernaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], gernas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], gernaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], gernammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], gernaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], gernaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], gernaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], gernammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], gernaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], gernanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], gernaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], gernaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], gernaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], gernanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], gernaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], gernô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], gernaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], gernǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], gernōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], gernô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], gernōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], gernanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], gernanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], gernōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], gernōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], gernô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], gernōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], gerniniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], gernanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], gernōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], gernōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], gerniniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], gernanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], gernini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], gernammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], gernōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], gernōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], gernini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], gernammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], gerninē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], gernammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], gernōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], gernōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], gerninē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], gernammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. eager, willing Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: gernô, girnijaną, girnį̄ Derived forms (*-gernaz (“eager for”)): fehugernaz (english: eager for money), Friþugernaz (english: eager for peace; male given name) [literally], lubagernaz (english: eager for glory)
    Sense id: en-gernaz-gem-pro-adj-P71NLSgf Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*gern"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gern\nOld English: ġeorn\nMiddle English: ȝeorn, yern\nEnglish: yern (obsolete)\nOld Saxon: gern\nOld High German: gern, gerni\nMiddle High German: gern, gerne",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gern\nOld English: ġeorn\nMiddle English: ȝeorn, yern\nEnglish: yern (obsolete)\nOld Saxon: gern\nOld High German: gern, gerni\nMiddle High German: gern, gerne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "gjarn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: gjarn\nIcelandic: gjarn\nFaroese: gjarnur\nOld Swedish: giærn",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: gjarn\nIcelandic: gjarn\nFaroese: gjarnur\nOld Swedish: giærn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (*gairns)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (*gairns)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*kërnas",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kërnas",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kërnas (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰer-",
        "id": "yearn"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χαίρω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be very glad"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to be very glad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "horior",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to encourage"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin horior (“to encourage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-. Cognate with Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to be very glad”) and Latin horior (“to encourage”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gernô",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gern"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*gernaz",
        "10": "*gernaimiz",
        "11": "*gernō",
        "12": "*gernǭ",
        "13": "*gernaizōz",
        "14": "*gernaizōi",
        "15": "*gernaizō",
        "16": "*gernôz",
        "17": "*gernōz",
        "18": "*gernaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*gernaimaz",
        "2": "*gernanǭ",
        "20": "*gernaimiz",
        "21": "*gerną, -atō",
        "22": "*gerną, -atō",
        "23": "*gernas, -is",
        "24": "*gernammai",
        "25": "*gernanō",
        "26": "*gernō",
        "27": "*gernō",
        "28": "*gernaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*gernaimaz",
        "3": "*gernas, -is",
        "30": "*gernaimiz",
        "31": "*gernô",
        "32": "*gernanų",
        "33": "*gerniniz",
        "34": "*gernini",
        "35": "*gerninē",
        "36": "*gernaniz",
        "37": "*gernanunz",
        "38": "*gernanǫ̂",
        "39": "*gernammaz",
        "4": "*gernammai",
        "40": "*gernammiz",
        "41": "*gernǭ",
        "42": "*gernōnų",
        "43": "*gernōniz",
        "44": "*gernōni",
        "45": "*gernōnē",
        "46": "*gernōniz",
        "47": "*gernōnunz",
        "48": "*gernōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*gernōmaz",
        "5": "*gernanō",
        "50": "*gernōmiz",
        "51": "*gernô",
        "52": "*gernô",
        "53": "*gerniniz",
        "54": "*gernini",
        "55": "*gerninē",
        "56": "*gernōnō",
        "57": "*gernōnō",
        "58": "*gernanǫ̂",
        "59": "*gernammaz",
        "6": "*gernai",
        "60": "*gernammiz",
        "7": "*gernanz",
        "8": "*gernaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*gernaimaz",
        "title": "*gernaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gernaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "gernô"
        },
        {
          "word": "girnijaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "girnį̄"
        },
        {
          "english": "eager for money",
          "sense": "*-gernaz (“eager for”)",
          "word": "fehugernaz"
        },
        {
          "english": "eager for peace; male given name",
          "sense": "*-gernaz (“eager for”)",
          "tags": [
            "literally"
          ],
          "word": "Friþugernaz"
        },
        {
          "english": "eager for glory",
          "sense": "*-gernaz (“eager for”)",
          "word": "lubagernaz"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "eager, willing"
      ],
      "id": "en-gernaz-gem-pro-adj-P71NLSgf",
      "links": [
        [
          "eager",
          "eager"
        ],
        [
          "willing",
          "willing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣer.nɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gernaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gernô"
    },
    {
      "word": "girnijaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "girnį̄"
    },
    {
      "english": "eager for money",
      "sense": "*-gernaz (“eager for”)",
      "word": "fehugernaz"
    },
    {
      "english": "eager for peace; male given name",
      "sense": "*-gernaz (“eager for”)",
      "tags": [
        "literally"
      ],
      "word": "Friþugernaz"
    },
    {
      "english": "eager for glory",
      "sense": "*-gernaz (“eager for”)",
      "word": "lubagernaz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*gern"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gern\nOld English: ġeorn\nMiddle English: ȝeorn, yern\nEnglish: yern (obsolete)\nOld Saxon: gern\nOld High German: gern, gerni\nMiddle High German: gern, gerne",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gern\nOld English: ġeorn\nMiddle English: ȝeorn, yern\nEnglish: yern (obsolete)\nOld Saxon: gern\nOld High German: gern, gerni\nMiddle High German: gern, gerne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "gjarn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: gjarn\nIcelandic: gjarn\nFaroese: gjarnur\nOld Swedish: giærn",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: gjarn\nIcelandic: gjarn\nFaroese: gjarnur\nOld Swedish: giærn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (*gairns)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (*gairns)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*kërnas",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kërnas",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kërnas (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰer-",
        "id": "yearn"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χαίρω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be very glad"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to be very glad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "horior",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to encourage"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin horior (“to encourage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-. Cognate with Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to be very glad”) and Latin horior (“to encourage”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gernô",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerną",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerniniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerninē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gernammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gern"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*gernaz",
        "10": "*gernaimiz",
        "11": "*gernō",
        "12": "*gernǭ",
        "13": "*gernaizōz",
        "14": "*gernaizōi",
        "15": "*gernaizō",
        "16": "*gernôz",
        "17": "*gernōz",
        "18": "*gernaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*gernaimaz",
        "2": "*gernanǭ",
        "20": "*gernaimiz",
        "21": "*gerną, -atō",
        "22": "*gerną, -atō",
        "23": "*gernas, -is",
        "24": "*gernammai",
        "25": "*gernanō",
        "26": "*gernō",
        "27": "*gernō",
        "28": "*gernaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*gernaimaz",
        "3": "*gernas, -is",
        "30": "*gernaimiz",
        "31": "*gernô",
        "32": "*gernanų",
        "33": "*gerniniz",
        "34": "*gernini",
        "35": "*gerninē",
        "36": "*gernaniz",
        "37": "*gernanunz",
        "38": "*gernanǫ̂",
        "39": "*gernammaz",
        "4": "*gernammai",
        "40": "*gernammiz",
        "41": "*gernǭ",
        "42": "*gernōnų",
        "43": "*gernōniz",
        "44": "*gernōni",
        "45": "*gernōnē",
        "46": "*gernōniz",
        "47": "*gernōnunz",
        "48": "*gernōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*gernōmaz",
        "5": "*gernanō",
        "50": "*gernōmiz",
        "51": "*gernô",
        "52": "*gernô",
        "53": "*gerniniz",
        "54": "*gernini",
        "55": "*gerninē",
        "56": "*gernōnō",
        "57": "*gernōnō",
        "58": "*gernanǫ̂",
        "59": "*gernammaz",
        "6": "*gernai",
        "60": "*gernammiz",
        "7": "*gernanz",
        "8": "*gernaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*gernaimaz",
        "title": "*gernaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gernaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰer- (yearn)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "eager, willing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "eager",
          "eager"
        ],
        [
          "willing",
          "willing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣer.nɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gernaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gernaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.