"glawwaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See glawwaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈɣlɑw.wɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gʰlewH- (“clear, sharp”); cognate with Old Irish gluair (“clear, clean”) and perhaps *glūnēn- (“to peer”), whence dialectal Swedish gluna (“to stare, peer”) and Latvian glũnêt (“to lour”). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gʰlewH-|t=clear, sharp}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰlewH- (“clear, sharp”), {{cog|sga|gluair|t=clear, clean}} Old Irish gluair (“clear, clean”), {{cog|sv|gluna|t=to stare, peer}} Swedish gluna (“to stare, peer”), {{cog|lv|glũnêt|t=to lour}} Latvian glũnêt (“to lour”) Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], glawwaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], glawwō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], glawwą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], glawwai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], glawwôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], glawwō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], glawwanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], glawwǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], glawwą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], glawwanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], glawwōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], glawwō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], glawwas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], glawwaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], glawwas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], glawwaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], glawwaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], glawwaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], glawwammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], glawwaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], glawwammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], glawwaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], glawwaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], glawwaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], glawwanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], glawwaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], glawwanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], glawwaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], glawwaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], glawwaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], glawwô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], glawwǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], glawwô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], glawwaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], glawwōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], glawwōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], glawwanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], glawwōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], glawwô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], glawwanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], glawwōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], glawwōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], glawwiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], glawwōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], glawwiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], glawwanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], glawwōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], glawwanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], glawwini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], glawwōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], glawwini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], glawwammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], glawwōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], glawwammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], glawwinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], glawwōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], glawwinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], glawwammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], glawwōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], glawwammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak], *glawwuz [alternative]
  1. wise; prudent Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-glawwaz-gem-pro-adj-zyiIRmMZ
  2. wary; circumspect Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-glawwaz-gem-pro-adj-NPHjXvEk
  3. perceptive Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-glawwaz-gem-pro-adj-cl9dekP8
  4. clever; smart Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-glawwaz-gem-pro-adj-RnStIEE9
  5. accurate; precise Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-glawwaz-gem-pro-adj-P6jrA4xz Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 28 20 0 11 41 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 20 14 0 2 64 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 11 9 2 11 68
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: glawwį̄, glawwiþō Related terms: glaumaz, glīwą
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glawwį̄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glawwiþō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*glauw"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glauw\nOld English: glēaw\nMiddle English: gleaw, glæu, gleu, glew\nOld Saxon: glau\nOld Dutch: *glao\nDutch: glouw, glooi (dialectal)\nOld High German: glou, glau, klau\nMiddle High German: *glou (in glouheit)\nGerman: glau (dialectal)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glauw\nOld English: glēaw\nMiddle English: gleaw, glæu, gleu, glew\nOld Saxon: glau\nOld Dutch: *glao\nDutch: glouw, glooi (dialectal)\nOld High German: glou, glau, klau\nMiddle High German: *glou (in glouheit)\nGerman: glau (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "glǫggr",
            "3": "gløggr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: glǫggr, gløggr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: glǫggr, gløggr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "glöggur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: glöggur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: glöggur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "gløggur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: gløggur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: gløggur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "gløgg"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gløgg",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gløgg"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "gløgg"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: gløgg",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: gløgg"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "gleg",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: gleg",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: gleg"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "gleg"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: gleg",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: gleg"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃",
            "3": "*𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: *𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (*glaggws), *𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*glaggus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: *𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (*glaggws), *𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*glaggus) (in derivatives)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰlewH-",
        "t": "clear, sharp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰlewH- (“clear, sharp”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "gluair",
        "t": "clear, clean"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish gluair (“clear, clean”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gluna",
        "t": "to stare, peer"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish gluna (“to stare, peer”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "glũnêt",
        "t": "to lour"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian glũnêt (“to lour”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰlewH- (“clear, sharp”); cognate with Old Irish gluair (“clear, clean”) and perhaps *glūnēn- (“to peer”), whence dialectal Swedish gluna (“to stare, peer”) and Latvian glũnêt (“to lour”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*glawwuz",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glawwaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glaumaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glīwą"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wise; prudent"
      ],
      "id": "en-glawwaz-gem-pro-adj-zyiIRmMZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "wise",
          "wise"
        ],
        [
          "prudent",
          "prudent"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wary; circumspect"
      ],
      "id": "en-glawwaz-gem-pro-adj-NPHjXvEk",
      "links": [
        [
          "wary",
          "wary"
        ],
        [
          "circumspect",
          "circumspect"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "perceptive"
      ],
      "id": "en-glawwaz-gem-pro-adj-cl9dekP8",
      "links": [
        [
          "perceptive",
          "perceptive"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "clever; smart"
      ],
      "id": "en-glawwaz-gem-pro-adj-RnStIEE9",
      "links": [
        [
          "clever",
          "clever"
        ],
        [
          "smart",
          "smart"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 20 0 11 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 14 0 2 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 9 2 11 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "accurate; precise"
      ],
      "id": "en-glawwaz-gem-pro-adj-P6jrA4xz",
      "links": [
        [
          "accurate",
          "accurate"
        ],
        [
          "precise",
          "precise"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣlɑw.wɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "glawwaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "glawwį̄"
    },
    {
      "word": "glawwiþō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*glauw"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glauw\nOld English: glēaw\nMiddle English: gleaw, glæu, gleu, glew\nOld Saxon: glau\nOld Dutch: *glao\nDutch: glouw, glooi (dialectal)\nOld High German: glou, glau, klau\nMiddle High German: *glou (in glouheit)\nGerman: glau (dialectal)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glauw\nOld English: glēaw\nMiddle English: gleaw, glæu, gleu, glew\nOld Saxon: glau\nOld Dutch: *glao\nDutch: glouw, glooi (dialectal)\nOld High German: glou, glau, klau\nMiddle High German: *glou (in glouheit)\nGerman: glau (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "glǫggr",
            "3": "gløggr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: glǫggr, gløggr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: glǫggr, gløggr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "glöggur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: glöggur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: glöggur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "gløggur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: gløggur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: gløggur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "gløgg"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gløgg",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gløgg"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "gløgg"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: gløgg",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: gløgg"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "gleg",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: gleg",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: gleg"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "gleg"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: gleg",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: gleg"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃",
            "3": "*𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: *𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (*glaggws), *𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*glaggus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: *𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (*glaggws), *𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*glaggus) (in derivatives)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰlewH-",
        "t": "clear, sharp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰlewH- (“clear, sharp”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "gluair",
        "t": "clear, clean"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish gluair (“clear, clean”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gluna",
        "t": "to stare, peer"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish gluna (“to stare, peer”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "glũnêt",
        "t": "to lour"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian glũnêt (“to lour”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰlewH- (“clear, sharp”); cognate with Old Irish gluair (“clear, clean”) and perhaps *glūnēn- (“to peer”), whence dialectal Swedish gluna (“to stare, peer”) and Latvian glũnêt (“to lour”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glawwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*glawwuz",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glawwaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "glaumaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "glīwą"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wise; prudent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wise",
          "wise"
        ],
        [
          "prudent",
          "prudent"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wary; circumspect"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wary",
          "wary"
        ],
        [
          "circumspect",
          "circumspect"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "perceptive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perceptive",
          "perceptive"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "clever; smart"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "clever",
          "clever"
        ],
        [
          "smart",
          "smart"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "accurate; precise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "accurate",
          "accurate"
        ],
        [
          "precise",
          "precise"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣlɑw.wɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "glawwaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for glawwaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (813e02a and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.