"gellaną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See gellaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈɣel.lɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout”), possibly with contamination from a marginally attested iterative *gullōną, although Kroonen suggests the strong verb was back-formed to the iterative. Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gʰel-}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gʰel-||to shout}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout”) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-st|gell|gall|gull|gull|class=3}} Forms: strong [table-tags], gellō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], gellaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], gellai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], gillizi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], gellaiz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], gell [active, imperative, second-person, singular], gellazai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], gellaizau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], gillidi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], gellai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], gelladau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], gelladai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], gellaidau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], gellōz [active, dual, first-person, indicative], gellaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], gelladiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], gellaidiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], gelladiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], gellamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], gellaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], gellandai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], gellaindau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], gillid [active, indicative, plural, second-person], gellaid [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], gillid [active, imperative, plural, second-person], gellandai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], gellaindau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], gellandi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], gellain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], gellandau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], gellandai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], gellaindau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], gall [active, first-person, indicative, singular], gullį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], gallt [active, indicative, second-person, singular], gullīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], gall [active, indicative, singular, third-person], gullī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], gullū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], gullīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], gulludiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], gullīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], gullum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], gullīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], gullud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], gullīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], gullun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], gullīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], gellandz [active, participle, present], gullanaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to shout, to yell Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Related terms: galaną, galmaz, gelpaną, gōlijaną, gullōną
    Sense id: en-gellaną-gem-pro-verb-wllRk0U0 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "ġiellan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: ġiellan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: ġiellan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "yellen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: yellen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: yellen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "yell"
          },
          "expansion": "English: yell",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: yell"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*gellan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *gellan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *gellan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "gellen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: gellen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: gellen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "gielen"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: gielen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: gielen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*gellan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *gellan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *gellan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "gellen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: gellen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: gellen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "gillen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: gillen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: gillen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "gellan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: gellan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: gellan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "gellen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: gellen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: gellen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "gellen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: gellen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: gellen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "gella",
            "3": "gjalla"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: gella, gjalla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: gella, gjalla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "gællæ",
            "3": "*giallæ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: gællæ, *giallæ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: gællæ, *giallæ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "gjalde"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: gjalde",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: gjalde"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "gjalla"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: gjalla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: gjalla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "gella",
            "3": "gjalla"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: gella, gjalla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: gella, gjalla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "gjalle"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: gjalle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: gjalle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "gjalla",
            "3": "gjella"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gjalla, gjella",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gjalla, gjella"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "gælla"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: gælla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: gælla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "gälla",
            "3": "gäll<q:verbal noun>"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: gälla, (verbal noun) gäll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: gälla, (verbal noun) gäll"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰel-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to shout"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout”), possibly with contamination from a marginally attested iterative *gullōną, although Kroonen suggests the strong verb was back-formed to the iterative.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gillizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gell",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gillidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gelladau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gelladai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gelladiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gelladiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gillid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gillid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gallt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulludiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gell",
        "2": "gall",
        "3": "gull",
        "4": "gull",
        "class": "3"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gellaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shout, to yell"
      ],
      "id": "en-gellaną-gem-pro-verb-wllRk0U0",
      "links": [
        [
          "shout",
          "shout"
        ],
        [
          "yell",
          "yell"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "galaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "galmaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "gelpaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "gōlijaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "gullōną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣel.lɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gellaną"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "ġiellan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: ġiellan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: ġiellan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "yellen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: yellen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: yellen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "yell"
          },
          "expansion": "English: yell",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: yell"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*gellan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *gellan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *gellan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "gellen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: gellen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: gellen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "gielen"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: gielen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: gielen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*gellan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *gellan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *gellan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "gellen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: gellen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: gellen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "gillen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: gillen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: gillen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "gellan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: gellan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: gellan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "gellen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: gellen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: gellen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "gellen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: gellen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: gellen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "gella",
            "3": "gjalla"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: gella, gjalla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: gella, gjalla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "gællæ",
            "3": "*giallæ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: gællæ, *giallæ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: gællæ, *giallæ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "gjalde"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: gjalde",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: gjalde"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "gjalla"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: gjalla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: gjalla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "gella",
            "3": "gjalla"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: gella, gjalla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: gella, gjalla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "gjalle"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: gjalle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: gjalle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "gjalla",
            "3": "gjella"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gjalla, gjella",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gjalla, gjella"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "gælla"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: gælla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: gælla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "gälla",
            "3": "gäll<q:verbal noun>"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: gälla, (verbal noun) gäll",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: gälla, (verbal noun) gäll"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰel-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to shout"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout”), possibly with contamination from a marginally attested iterative *gullōną, although Kroonen suggests the strong verb was back-formed to the iterative.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gillizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gell",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gillidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gelladau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gelladai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gelladiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gelladiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gillid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gillid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gallt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulludiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gellandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gullanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gell",
        "2": "gall",
        "3": "gull",
        "4": "gull",
        "class": "3"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gellaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "galaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "galmaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "gelpaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "gōlijaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "gullōną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Proto-Germanic class 3 strong verbs",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰel-",
        "Proto-Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shout, to yell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shout",
          "shout"
        ],
        [
          "yell",
          "yell"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣel.lɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gellaną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gellaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.