See gazdaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gaʀd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaʀd\nOld English: ġeard f\nMiddle English: ȝearde, ȝard (merged with descendant of Old English ġierd)\nEnglish: yard\nScots: yaird\nOld Saxon: gard m or f\nMiddle Low German: gart f\nOld Dutch: *gard\nMiddle Dutch: gart, gāert m\nDutch: gard\nOld High German: gart m\nMiddle High German: gart\nGerman: Gart",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaʀd\nOld English: ġeard f\nMiddle English: ȝearde, ȝard (merged with descendant of Old English ġierd)\nEnglish: yard\nScots: yaird\nOld Saxon: gard m or f\nMiddle Low German: gart f\nOld Dutch: *gard\nMiddle Dutch: gart, gāert m\nDutch: gard\nOld High German: gart m\nMiddle High German: gart\nGerman: Gart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gaddr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: gaddr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: gaddr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gaddur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: gaddur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: gaddur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gadder"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: gadder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: gadder"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gadd"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: gadd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: gadd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gadde",
"3": "gad",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: gadde, gad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: gadde, gad"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gad"
},
"expansion": "English: gad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: gad"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gadfly",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ English: gadfly",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ English: gadfly"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gaud"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gaud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gaud"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃 (gazds)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃 (gazds)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hasta",
"t": "shaft; spear"
},
"expansion": "Latin hasta (“shaft; spear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵʰast-",
"t": "rod, pole, bar, switch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰast- (“rod, pole, bar, switch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Latin hasta (“shaft; spear”). Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰast- (“rod, pole, bar, switch”), but, given the irregular phonetic variation and limited distribution, these are probably of non-Indo-European substrate origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gazd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gazdaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "rod; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gazdī ~ *gazdiz",
"word": "gaʀdi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"goad; spike"
],
"id": "en-gazdaz-gem-pro-noun-YchJHcK4",
"links": [
[
"goad",
"goad"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gaidō"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣɑz.dɑz/"
}
],
"word": "gazdaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "rod; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gazdī ~ *gazdiz",
"word": "gaʀdi"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gaʀd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaʀd\nOld English: ġeard f\nMiddle English: ȝearde, ȝard (merged with descendant of Old English ġierd)\nEnglish: yard\nScots: yaird\nOld Saxon: gard m or f\nMiddle Low German: gart f\nOld Dutch: *gard\nMiddle Dutch: gart, gāert m\nDutch: gard\nOld High German: gart m\nMiddle High German: gart\nGerman: Gart",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaʀd\nOld English: ġeard f\nMiddle English: ȝearde, ȝard (merged with descendant of Old English ġierd)\nEnglish: yard\nScots: yaird\nOld Saxon: gard m or f\nMiddle Low German: gart f\nOld Dutch: *gard\nMiddle Dutch: gart, gāert m\nDutch: gard\nOld High German: gart m\nMiddle High German: gart\nGerman: Gart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gaddr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: gaddr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: gaddr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gaddur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: gaddur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: gaddur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gadder"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: gadder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: gadder"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gadd"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: gadd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: gadd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gadde",
"3": "gad",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: gadde, gad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: gadde, gad"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gad"
},
"expansion": "English: gad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: gad"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gadfly",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ English: gadfly",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ English: gadfly"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gaud"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gaud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gaud"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃 (gazds)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃 (gazds)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hasta",
"t": "shaft; spear"
},
"expansion": "Latin hasta (“shaft; spear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵʰast-",
"t": "rod, pole, bar, switch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰast- (“rod, pole, bar, switch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Latin hasta (“shaft; spear”). Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰast- (“rod, pole, bar, switch”), but, given the irregular phonetic variation and limited distribution, these are probably of non-Indo-European substrate origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gazd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gazdamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gazdaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages"
],
"glosses": [
"goad; spike"
],
"links": [
[
"goad",
"goad"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣɑz.dɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gaidō"
}
],
"word": "gazdaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gazdaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.