See ferhuz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ferh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ferh\nOld English: feorh, feorg\nMiddle English: fere, vore\nOld Frisian: ferch\nOld Saxon: ferh, ferah\nOld High German: ferah\nMiddle High German: vërch\nGerman: Ferch (obsolete)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ferh\nOld English: feorh, feorg\nMiddle English: fere, vore\nOld Frisian: ferch\nOld Saxon: ferh, ferah\nOld High German: ferah\nMiddle High German: vërch\nGerman: Ferch (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fjǫrr",
"qq": "< *ferhwaz"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fjǫrr (< *ferhwaz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fjǫrr (< *ferhwaz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fjör"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fjör",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fjör"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pérkus",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(oak) tree"
},
"expansion": "“(oak) tree”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "life; the universe"
},
"expansion": "“life; the universe”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕλη",
"3": "",
"4": "wood",
"pos": "later “substance”"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood”, later “substance”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "māteria",
"3": "",
"4": "timber; material, source, essence"
},
"expansion": "Latin māteria (“timber; material, source, essence”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "տարր",
"3": "",
"4": "elementary substance",
"pos": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dru-</i> (“wood, tree”)"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian տարր (tarr, “elementary substance”, from *dru- (“wood, tree”))",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "body"
},
"expansion": "“body”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਕਾਠ",
"3": "",
"4": "timber; body, physique"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi ਕਾਠ (kāṭh, “timber; body, physique”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "life"
},
"expansion": "“life”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”), from the root *perkʷ- (“oak”).\nThe semantic development from “(oak) tree” to “life; the universe”, assuming they are indeed related, is somewhat puzzling, but may be paralleled in part by such abstractions as Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood”, later “substance”), Latin māteria (“timber; material, source, essence”) and Old Armenian տարր (tarr, “elementary substance”, from *dru- (“wood, tree”)); the sense “body” (compare Punjabi ਕਾਠ (kāṭh, “timber; body, physique”)) would be intermediate and abstractify to “life”. However, the explanation may be more spiritual; as Kroonen describes, “the oak-tree symbolized vitality in Germanic mythology.” Note also the concept of the world tree, pervasive in Eurasian mythology, which to the Indo-Europeans was a large oak at the center of the world, and perhaps the axis around which the Earth or heavens spun (axis mundi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ferhuz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fergunniz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fergunją"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "firhwijaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferhwą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fermō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "furhō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "North Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "88 2 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 2 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 1 1 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tree; oak tree?"
],
"id": "en-ferhuz-gem-pro-noun-nNknIjpH",
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"oak tree",
"oak tree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally and in North Germanic) tree; oak tree?"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*aiks"
},
{
"word": "*bagmaz"
},
{
"word": "*ferhwą"
},
{
"word": "*trewą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"body"
],
"id": "en-ferhuz-gem-pro-noun-Iw2DWNyO",
"links": [
[
"body",
"body"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"life, being, existence"
],
"id": "en-ferhuz-gem-pro-noun-SPZtTolY",
"links": [
[
"life",
"life"
],
[
"being",
"being"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ferhwą"
},
{
"word": "*lībą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "East Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"life, being, existence",
"the world"
],
"id": "en-ferhuz-gem-pro-noun-cIyPqH8A",
"links": [
[
"life",
"life"
],
[
"being",
"being"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"life, being, existence",
"(East Germanic) the world"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ferhwą"
},
{
"word": "*lībą"
},
{
"word": "*weraldiz"
}
],
"tags": [
"East",
"Germanic",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸer.xuz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ferhuz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ferh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ferh\nOld English: feorh, feorg\nMiddle English: fere, vore\nOld Frisian: ferch\nOld Saxon: ferh, ferah\nOld High German: ferah\nMiddle High German: vërch\nGerman: Ferch (obsolete)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ferh\nOld English: feorh, feorg\nMiddle English: fere, vore\nOld Frisian: ferch\nOld Saxon: ferh, ferah\nOld High German: ferah\nMiddle High German: vërch\nGerman: Ferch (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fjǫrr",
"qq": "< *ferhwaz"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fjǫrr (< *ferhwaz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fjǫrr (< *ferhwaz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fjör"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fjör",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fjör"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pérkus",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(oak) tree"
},
"expansion": "“(oak) tree”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "life; the universe"
},
"expansion": "“life; the universe”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕλη",
"3": "",
"4": "wood",
"pos": "later “substance”"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood”, later “substance”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "māteria",
"3": "",
"4": "timber; material, source, essence"
},
"expansion": "Latin māteria (“timber; material, source, essence”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "տարր",
"3": "",
"4": "elementary substance",
"pos": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dru-</i> (“wood, tree”)"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian տարր (tarr, “elementary substance”, from *dru- (“wood, tree”))",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "body"
},
"expansion": "“body”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਕਾਠ",
"3": "",
"4": "timber; body, physique"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi ਕਾਠ (kāṭh, “timber; body, physique”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "life"
},
"expansion": "“life”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”), from the root *perkʷ- (“oak”).\nThe semantic development from “(oak) tree” to “life; the universe”, assuming they are indeed related, is somewhat puzzling, but may be paralleled in part by such abstractions as Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood”, later “substance”), Latin māteria (“timber; material, source, essence”) and Old Armenian տարր (tarr, “elementary substance”, from *dru- (“wood, tree”)); the sense “body” (compare Punjabi ਕਾਠ (kāṭh, “timber; body, physique”)) would be intermediate and abstractify to “life”. However, the explanation may be more spiritual; as Kroonen describes, “the oak-tree symbolized vitality in Germanic mythology.” Note also the concept of the world tree, pervasive in Eurasian mythology, which to the Indo-Europeans was a large oak at the center of the world, and perhaps the axis around which the Earth or heavens spun (axis mundi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferhumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ferhuz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fergunniz"
},
{
"word": "fergunją"
},
{
"word": "firhwijaz"
},
{
"word": "ferhwą"
},
{
"word": "fermō"
},
{
"word": "furhō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"North Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"tree; oak tree?"
],
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"oak tree",
"oak tree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally and in North Germanic) tree; oak tree?"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*aiks"
},
{
"word": "*bagmaz"
},
{
"word": "*ferhwą"
},
{
"word": "*trewą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"body"
],
"links": [
[
"body",
"body"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"life, being, existence"
],
"links": [
[
"life",
"life"
],
[
"being",
"being"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ferhwą"
},
{
"word": "*lībą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"East Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"life, being, existence",
"the world"
],
"links": [
[
"life",
"life"
],
[
"being",
"being"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"life, being, existence",
"(East Germanic) the world"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ferhwą"
},
{
"word": "*lībą"
},
{
"word": "*weraldiz"
}
],
"tags": [
"East",
"Germanic",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸer.xuz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ferhuz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ferhuz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.