See fergunją in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fergunī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fergunī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fergunī"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fiergen",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old English: fiergen, firgen, fyrgen, firing, firgin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: fiergen, firgen, fyrgen, firing, firgin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fiergengāt",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: fiergengāt, firgengāt, fyrgengāt\nMiddle English: firegat",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: fiergengāt, firgengāt, fyrgengāt\nMiddle English: firegat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "Firgunnea",
"3": "Fergunna",
"4": "Virgunnia",
"5": "Virgundia"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: Firgunnea, Fergunna, Virgunnia, Virgundia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: Firgunnea, Fergunna, Virgunnia, Virgundia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fjǫrgyn",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fjǫrgyn f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fjǫrgyn f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fjörgyn",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fjörgyn f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fjörgyn f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 (fairguni)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 (fairguni)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pérwn̥-yo-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pérwn̥-yo-m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perkʷ-",
"t": "oak tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“oak tree”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*fergunjaz",
"t": "masculine divine personification of mountainland"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fergunjaz (“masculine divine personification of mountainland”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*fergunjō",
"t": "feminine divine personification of mountainland"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fergunjō (“feminine divine personification of mountainland”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*Φerkunyos",
"t": "Hercynian Forest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *Φerkunyos (“Hercynian Forest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*perkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*perk(ʷ)unyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perk(ʷ)unyos",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pérwn̥-yo-m, from *pérwr̥ (“rock, mountain”), or from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“oak tree”). The former possibility would have an unexplained irregular development of w > g in Germanic, while the latter matches in form but poses difficulties in the meaning.\nThe existence in Old Norse of a masculine noun Fjǫrgyn (“Frigg's father”) (ostensibly from Proto-Germanic *fergunjaz (“masculine divine personification of mountainland”)) alongside the feminine noun Fjǫrgyn (“Thor's mother; earth, land, mountain”) (from Proto-Germanic *fergunjō (“feminine divine personification of mountainland”)) and the neuter, whose original meaning in Proto-Germanic can be reconstructed as “(forested) mountain(land)”, suggests that the underlying term was a Proto-Germanic adjective *fergunjaz, probably cognate with Proto-Celtic *Φerkunyos (“Hercynian Forest”) (presumably originally an appellative meaning “forested (mountain)land”), also apparently originally an adjective (compare the Gallo-Latin adjective found in Hercynia silva alongside Hercynius saltus), which in both cases can be reconstructed as meaning “forested”. The suggested derivation from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- fits this well and suggests an original meaning “covered in oaks” for Proto-Indo-European *perk(ʷ)unyos, rather than a noun meaning “forest”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fergunją",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mountain"
],
"id": "en-fergunją-gem-pro-noun-O4DTj3aG",
"links": [
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸer.ɣun.jɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "fergunją"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fergunī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fergunī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fergunī"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fiergen",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old English: fiergen, firgen, fyrgen, firing, firgin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: fiergen, firgen, fyrgen, firing, firgin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fiergengāt",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: fiergengāt, firgengāt, fyrgengāt\nMiddle English: firegat",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: fiergengāt, firgengāt, fyrgengāt\nMiddle English: firegat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "Firgunnea",
"3": "Fergunna",
"4": "Virgunnia",
"5": "Virgundia"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: Firgunnea, Fergunna, Virgunnia, Virgundia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: Firgunnea, Fergunna, Virgunnia, Virgundia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fjǫrgyn",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fjǫrgyn f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fjǫrgyn f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fjörgyn",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fjörgyn f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fjörgyn f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 (fairguni)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 (fairguni)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pérwn̥-yo-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pérwn̥-yo-m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perkʷ-",
"t": "oak tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“oak tree”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*fergunjaz",
"t": "masculine divine personification of mountainland"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fergunjaz (“masculine divine personification of mountainland”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*fergunjō",
"t": "feminine divine personification of mountainland"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fergunjō (“feminine divine personification of mountainland”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*Φerkunyos",
"t": "Hercynian Forest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *Φerkunyos (“Hercynian Forest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*perkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*perk(ʷ)unyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perk(ʷ)unyos",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pérwn̥-yo-m, from *pérwr̥ (“rock, mountain”), or from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“oak tree”). The former possibility would have an unexplained irregular development of w > g in Germanic, while the latter matches in form but poses difficulties in the meaning.\nThe existence in Old Norse of a masculine noun Fjǫrgyn (“Frigg's father”) (ostensibly from Proto-Germanic *fergunjaz (“masculine divine personification of mountainland”)) alongside the feminine noun Fjǫrgyn (“Thor's mother; earth, land, mountain”) (from Proto-Germanic *fergunjō (“feminine divine personification of mountainland”)) and the neuter, whose original meaning in Proto-Germanic can be reconstructed as “(forested) mountain(land)”, suggests that the underlying term was a Proto-Germanic adjective *fergunjaz, probably cognate with Proto-Celtic *Φerkunyos (“Hercynian Forest”) (presumably originally an appellative meaning “forested (mountain)land”), also apparently originally an adjective (compare the Gallo-Latin adjective found in Hercynia silva alongside Hercynius saltus), which in both cases can be reconstructed as meaning “forested”. The suggested derivation from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- fits this well and suggests an original meaning “covered in oaks” for Proto-Indo-European *perk(ʷ)unyos, rather than a noun meaning “forest”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fergunjamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fergunją",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic ja-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"mountain"
],
"links": [
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸer.ɣun.jɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "fergunją"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fergunją meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.