"fastuz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See fastuz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈɸɑs.tuz/
Etymology: Connected with Old Armenian հաստ (hast, “firm, steady, standing still, tough; thick, dense, broad”), possibly also Sanskrit पस्त्य n (pastyá, “stall, stable ← stable habitation”), पस्त्या f (pastyā́, “homestead, dwelling, household”), and usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *pastV- (“solid, stable”). Kroonen separates the Sanskrit and reconstructs the Proto-Indo-European root for Armenian and Germanic as *pHst-, according to him from earlier *ph₂ǵ-sth₂-, a compound of *peh₂ǵ- (“to become firm”) (compare Ancient Greek πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to fasten, fix, make solid”)) and *steh₂- (“to stand”). However, according to Martirosyan “we are hardly dealing with a Proto-Indo-European word,” rather a substrate word shared by Armenian, Germanic, and possibly also Indo-Aryan. See հաստ (hast) for more on this. Etymology templates: {{cog|xcl|հաստ|t=firm, steady, standing still, tough; thick, dense, broad}} Old Armenian հաստ (hast, “firm, steady, standing still, tough; thick, dense, broad”), {{m+|sa|पस्त्य|g=n|t=stall, stable ← stable habitation|tr=pastyá}} Sanskrit पस्त्य n (pastyá, “stall, stable ← stable habitation”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*pastV-|t=solid, stable}} Proto-Indo-European *pastV- (“solid, stable”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{cog|grc|πήγνυμι|t=to fasten, fix, make solid}} Ancient Greek πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to fasten, fix, make solid”), {{der|gem-pro|qfa-sub}} substrate Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], fastuz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], fastijai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], fastī [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], fastijôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], fastų [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -jatō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], fastijō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], fastijanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], fastijanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], fastijǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], fastijōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], fastų [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -jatō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], fastijō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], fastijas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], fastīs [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], fastijaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], fastijaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], fastijaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], fastijas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], fastīs [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], fastijaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], fastijammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], fastijaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], fastijaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], fastijaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], fastijammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], fastijaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], fastijanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], fastijaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], fastijaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], fastijaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], fastijanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], fastijaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], fastijô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], fastijaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], fastijǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], fastijōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], fastijô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], fastijōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], fastijanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], fastijanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], fastijōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], fastijōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], fastijô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], fastijōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], fastīniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], fastijanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], fastijōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], fastijōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], fastīniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], fastijanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], fastīni [dative, masculine, singular, weak], fastijammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], fastijōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], fastijōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], fastīni [dative, neuter, singular, weak], fastijammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], fastīnē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], fastijammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], fastijōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], fastijōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], fastīnē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], fastijammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. fixed, firm, secure Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: fastaz, fastijaz Derived forms: fastanją, fastāną, fastijaną Derived forms (*fastį̄): festi [Old-Norse]

Download JSON data for fastuz meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*fast"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fast, *fastu; *fastī\nOld English: fæst\nMiddle English: fæst, fest, fast\nScots: fest, fast\nEnglish: fast\nOld Frisian: fest\nSaterland Frisian: fääst\nWest Frisian: fêst\nOld Saxon: fast\nMiddle Low German: fast, vast\nLow German: fast\nOld Dutch: fast\nMiddle Dutch: vast\nDutch: vast\nOld High German: fast\nMiddle High German: fast, vast",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fast, *fastu; *fastī\nOld English: fæst\nMiddle English: fæst, fest, fast\nScots: fest, fast\nEnglish: fast\nOld Frisian: fest\nSaterland Frisian: fääst\nWest Frisian: fêst\nOld Saxon: fast\nMiddle Low German: fast, vast\nLow German: fast\nOld Dutch: fast\nMiddle Dutch: vast\nDutch: vast\nOld High German: fast\nMiddle High German: fast, vast"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*fastī"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fastī\nOld Saxon: festi\nMiddle Low German: feste, veste, vest\nLow German: fest\nOld High German: festi\nMiddle High German: feste, veste\nGerman: fest",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fastī\nOld Saxon: festi\nMiddle Low German: feste, veste, vest\nLow German: fest\nOld High German: festi\nMiddle High German: feste, veste\nGerman: fest"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "fastr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: fastr\nIcelandic: fastur\nFaroese: fastur\nNorwegian: fast\nOld Swedish: faster\nSwedish: fast\nDanish: fast",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: fastr\nIcelandic: fastur\nFaroese: fastur\nNorwegian: fast\nOld Swedish: faster\nSwedish: fast\nDanish: fast"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: *𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*fasts)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "in derivatives"
          },
          "expansion": "(in derivatives)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: *𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*fasts) (in derivatives)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xvn",
            "2": "*fast-"
          },
          "expansion": "Vandalic: *fast-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vandalic: *fast-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "հաստ",
        "t": "firm, steady, standing still, tough; thick, dense, broad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian հաստ (hast, “firm, steady, standing still, tough; thick, dense, broad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "पस्त्य",
        "g": "n",
        "t": "stall, stable ← stable habitation",
        "tr": "pastyá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit पस्त्य n (pastyá, “stall, stable ← stable habitation”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*pastV-",
        "t": "solid, stable"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pastV- (“solid, stable”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πήγνυμι",
        "t": "to fasten, fix, make solid"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to fasten, fix, make solid”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Connected with Old Armenian հաստ (hast, “firm, steady, standing still, tough; thick, dense, broad”), possibly also Sanskrit पस्त्य n (pastyá, “stall, stable ← stable habitation”), पस्त्या f (pastyā́, “homestead, dwelling, household”), and usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *pastV- (“solid, stable”). Kroonen separates the Sanskrit and reconstructs the Proto-Indo-European root for Armenian and Germanic as *pHst-, according to him from earlier *ph₂ǵ-sth₂-, a compound of *peh₂ǵ- (“to become firm”) (compare Ancient Greek πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to fasten, fix, make solid”)) and *steh₂- (“to stand”).\nHowever, according to Martirosyan “we are hardly dealing with a Proto-Indo-European word,” rather a substrate word shared by Armenian, Germanic, and possibly also Indo-Aryan. See հաստ (hast) for more on this.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastuz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fastuz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "fastanją"
        },
        {
          "word": "fastāną"
        },
        {
          "word": "fastijaną"
        },
        {
          "sense": "*fastį̄",
          "tags": [
            "Old-Norse"
          ],
          "word": "festi"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fixed, firm, secure"
      ],
      "id": "en-fastuz-gem-pro-adj-TFg9-WBQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "fixed",
          "fixed"
        ],
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ],
        [
          "secure",
          "secure"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fastaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "fastijaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɸɑs.tuz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fastuz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "fastanją"
    },
    {
      "word": "fastāną"
    },
    {
      "word": "fastijaną"
    },
    {
      "sense": "*fastį̄",
      "tags": [
        "Old-Norse"
      ],
      "word": "festi"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*fast"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fast, *fastu; *fastī\nOld English: fæst\nMiddle English: fæst, fest, fast\nScots: fest, fast\nEnglish: fast\nOld Frisian: fest\nSaterland Frisian: fääst\nWest Frisian: fêst\nOld Saxon: fast\nMiddle Low German: fast, vast\nLow German: fast\nOld Dutch: fast\nMiddle Dutch: vast\nDutch: vast\nOld High German: fast\nMiddle High German: fast, vast",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fast, *fastu; *fastī\nOld English: fæst\nMiddle English: fæst, fest, fast\nScots: fest, fast\nEnglish: fast\nOld Frisian: fest\nSaterland Frisian: fääst\nWest Frisian: fêst\nOld Saxon: fast\nMiddle Low German: fast, vast\nLow German: fast\nOld Dutch: fast\nMiddle Dutch: vast\nDutch: vast\nOld High German: fast\nMiddle High German: fast, vast"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*fastī"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fastī\nOld Saxon: festi\nMiddle Low German: feste, veste, vest\nLow German: fest\nOld High German: festi\nMiddle High German: feste, veste\nGerman: fest",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fastī\nOld Saxon: festi\nMiddle Low German: feste, veste, vest\nLow German: fest\nOld High German: festi\nMiddle High German: feste, veste\nGerman: fest"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "fastr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: fastr\nIcelandic: fastur\nFaroese: fastur\nNorwegian: fast\nOld Swedish: faster\nSwedish: fast\nDanish: fast",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: fastr\nIcelandic: fastur\nFaroese: fastur\nNorwegian: fast\nOld Swedish: faster\nSwedish: fast\nDanish: fast"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: *𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*fasts)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "in derivatives"
          },
          "expansion": "(in derivatives)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: *𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*fasts) (in derivatives)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xvn",
            "2": "*fast-"
          },
          "expansion": "Vandalic: *fast-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vandalic: *fast-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "հաստ",
        "t": "firm, steady, standing still, tough; thick, dense, broad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian հաստ (hast, “firm, steady, standing still, tough; thick, dense, broad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "पस्त्य",
        "g": "n",
        "t": "stall, stable ← stable habitation",
        "tr": "pastyá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit पस्त्य n (pastyá, “stall, stable ← stable habitation”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*pastV-",
        "t": "solid, stable"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pastV- (“solid, stable”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πήγνυμι",
        "t": "to fasten, fix, make solid"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to fasten, fix, make solid”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Connected with Old Armenian հաստ (hast, “firm, steady, standing still, tough; thick, dense, broad”), possibly also Sanskrit पस्त्य n (pastyá, “stall, stable ← stable habitation”), पस्त्या f (pastyā́, “homestead, dwelling, household”), and usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *pastV- (“solid, stable”). Kroonen separates the Sanskrit and reconstructs the Proto-Indo-European root for Armenian and Germanic as *pHst-, according to him from earlier *ph₂ǵ-sth₂-, a compound of *peh₂ǵ- (“to become firm”) (compare Ancient Greek πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to fasten, fix, make solid”)) and *steh₂- (“to stand”).\nHowever, according to Martirosyan “we are hardly dealing with a Proto-Indo-European word,” rather a substrate word shared by Armenian, Germanic, and possibly also Indo-Aryan. See հաստ (hast) for more on this.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastuz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fastuz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fixed, firm, secure"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fixed",
          "fixed"
        ],
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ],
        [
          "secure",
          "secure"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɸɑs.tuz/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "fastaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "fastijaz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fastuz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.