See falisaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*falis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *falis\nOld Saxon: felis\nMiddle Low German: vels\nOld Dutch: *felis\nMiddle Dutch: vels\nDutch: vels\nOld High German: felis, fels, feliso\nMiddle High German: vels, velse\nGerman: Fels, Felsen (often distinguished)\nHunsrik: Fels\nLuxembourgish: Fiels\n→ Vulgar Latin: *falisa, *falesa\nOld French: falise, falese, faleise, faloise\nMiddle French: falize, falise, faleise, faloise, falaise\nFrench: falaise (see there for further descendants)\n→ Medieval Latin: falesa, falisia\nItalian: falesa, falesia",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *falis\nOld Saxon: felis\nMiddle Low German: vels\nOld Dutch: *felis\nMiddle Dutch: vels\nDutch: vels\nOld High German: felis, fels, feliso\nMiddle High German: vels, velse\nGerman: Fels, Felsen (often distinguished)\nHunsrik: Fels\nLuxembourgish: Fiels\n→ Vulgar Latin: *falisa, *falesa\nOld French: falise, falese, faleise, faloise\nMiddle French: falize, falise, faleise, faloise, falaise\nFrench: falaise (see there for further descendants)\n→ Medieval Latin: falesa, falisia\nItalian: falesa, falesia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fell",
"3": "fjall"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fell, fjall",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fjall",
"noparent": "1"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fjall, fell\nFaroese: fjall\nNorwegian Nynorsk: fjell; (dialectal) fjall, fjadd, fjedl\nOld Swedish: fiæl\nSwedish: fjäll\nDanish: fjeld\nNorwegian Bokmål: fjell\n→ Middle English: fell, fel\nScots: fell, fiold\nEnglish: fell",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fell, fjall (possibly < *felzaz)\nIcelandic: fjall, fell\nFaroese: fjall\nNorwegian Nynorsk: fjell; (dialectal) fjall, fjadd, fjedl\nOld Swedish: fiæl\nSwedish: fjäll\nDanish: fjeld\nNorwegian Bokmål: fjell\n→ Middle English: fell, fel\nScots: fell, fiold\nEnglish: fell"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pels-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pels-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ail",
"3": "",
"4": "boulder, rock"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸallo-",
"3": "",
"4": "cliff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸallo- (“cliff”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पाषाण",
"t": "stone, rock"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पाषाण (pāṣāṇa, “stone, rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "پرښه",
"3": "",
"tr": "parṣ̌a"
},
"expansion": "Pashto پرښه (parṣ̌a)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pels-, *pelis- (“rock, cliff”), or perhaps an s-stem *pél-es-. Compare Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”), Proto-Celtic *ɸallo- (“cliff”), Sanskrit पाषाण (pāṣāṇa, “stone, rock”) and Pashto پرښه (parṣ̌a). Kroonen suggests reconstructing an acrostatic *pól-s ~ *pél-s-s, with o-grade based especially on the Old French borrowing falise.\nAlternatively from a substrate language; more at πέλλα (pélla).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "falisaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "falisōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "falis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "falisōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "falisōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "falisą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "falisas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "falisai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "falisō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/falisaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rock, cliff"
],
"id": "en-falisaz-gem-pro-noun-2rRQYuOa",
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West"
],
"word": "falisaz"
},
{
"word": "felzaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸɑ.li.sɑz/"
}
],
"word": "falisaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*falis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *falis\nOld Saxon: felis\nMiddle Low German: vels\nOld Dutch: *felis\nMiddle Dutch: vels\nDutch: vels\nOld High German: felis, fels, feliso\nMiddle High German: vels, velse\nGerman: Fels, Felsen (often distinguished)\nHunsrik: Fels\nLuxembourgish: Fiels\n→ Vulgar Latin: *falisa, *falesa\nOld French: falise, falese, faleise, faloise\nMiddle French: falize, falise, faleise, faloise, falaise\nFrench: falaise (see there for further descendants)\n→ Medieval Latin: falesa, falisia\nItalian: falesa, falesia",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *falis\nOld Saxon: felis\nMiddle Low German: vels\nOld Dutch: *felis\nMiddle Dutch: vels\nDutch: vels\nOld High German: felis, fels, feliso\nMiddle High German: vels, velse\nGerman: Fels, Felsen (often distinguished)\nHunsrik: Fels\nLuxembourgish: Fiels\n→ Vulgar Latin: *falisa, *falesa\nOld French: falise, falese, faleise, faloise\nMiddle French: falize, falise, faleise, faloise, falaise\nFrench: falaise (see there for further descendants)\n→ Medieval Latin: falesa, falisia\nItalian: falesa, falesia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fell",
"3": "fjall"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fell, fjall",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fjall",
"noparent": "1"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fjall, fell\nFaroese: fjall\nNorwegian Nynorsk: fjell; (dialectal) fjall, fjadd, fjedl\nOld Swedish: fiæl\nSwedish: fjäll\nDanish: fjeld\nNorwegian Bokmål: fjell\n→ Middle English: fell, fel\nScots: fell, fiold\nEnglish: fell",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fell, fjall (possibly < *felzaz)\nIcelandic: fjall, fell\nFaroese: fjall\nNorwegian Nynorsk: fjell; (dialectal) fjall, fjadd, fjedl\nOld Swedish: fiæl\nSwedish: fjäll\nDanish: fjeld\nNorwegian Bokmål: fjell\n→ Middle English: fell, fel\nScots: fell, fiold\nEnglish: fell"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pels-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pels-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ail",
"3": "",
"4": "boulder, rock"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸallo-",
"3": "",
"4": "cliff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸallo- (“cliff”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पाषाण",
"t": "stone, rock"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पाषाण (pāṣāṇa, “stone, rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "پرښه",
"3": "",
"tr": "parṣ̌a"
},
"expansion": "Pashto پرښه (parṣ̌a)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pels-, *pelis- (“rock, cliff”), or perhaps an s-stem *pél-es-. Compare Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”), Proto-Celtic *ɸallo- (“cliff”), Sanskrit पाषाण (pāṣāṇa, “stone, rock”) and Pashto پرښه (parṣ̌a). Kroonen suggests reconstructing an acrostatic *pól-s ~ *pél-s-s, with o-grade based especially on the Old French borrowing falise.\nAlternatively from a substrate language; more at πέλλα (pélla).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "falisaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "falisōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "falis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "falisōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "falisōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "falisą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "falisas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "falisai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "falisō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "falisamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/falisaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages"
],
"glosses": [
"rock, cliff"
],
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸɑ.li.sɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West"
],
"word": "falisaz"
},
{
"word": "felzaz"
}
],
"word": "falisaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for falisaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.