"dumbaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See dumbaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈdum.bɑz/
Etymology: Probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰm̥bʰ-o-s, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure; to confuse, stupefy”). Etymology templates: {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro||*dʰm̥bʰ-o-s}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰm̥bʰ-o-s, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*dʰewbʰ-||to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure; to confuse, stupefy}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure; to confuse, stupefy”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|dumb}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*dumbaz|*dumbanǭ|*dumbas, -is|*dumbammai|*dumbanō|*dumbai|*dumbanz|*dumbaizǫ̂|*dumbaimaz|*dumbaimiz|*dumbō|*dumbǭ|*dumbaizōz|*dumbaizōi|*dumbaizō|*dumbôz|*dumbōz|*dumbaizǫ̂|*dumbaimaz|*dumbaimiz|*dumbą, -atō|*dumbą, -atō|*dumbas, -is|*dumbammai|*dumbanō|*dumbō|*dumbō|*dumbaizǫ̂|*dumbaimaz|*dumbaimiz|*dumbô|*dumbanų|*dumbiniz|*dumbini|*dumbinē|*dumbaniz|*dumbanunz|*dumbanǫ̂|*dumbammaz|*dumbammiz|*dumbǭ|*dumbōnų|*dumbōniz|*dumbōni|*dumbōnē|*dumbōniz|*dumbōnunz|*dumbōnǫ̂|*dumbōmaz|*dumbōmiz|*dumbô|*dumbô|*dumbiniz|*dumbini|*dumbinē|*dumbōnō|*dumbōnō|*dumbanǫ̂|*dumbammaz|*dumbammiz|title=*dumbaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], dumbaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], dumbai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], dumbō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], dumbôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], dumbą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], dumbō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], dumbanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], dumbanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], dumbǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], dumbōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], dumbą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], dumbō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], dumbas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], dumbaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], dumbaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], dumbaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], dumbas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], dumbaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], dumbammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], dumbaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], dumbaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], dumbaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], dumbammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], dumbaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], dumbanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], dumbaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], dumbaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], dumbaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], dumbanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], dumbaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], dumbô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], dumbaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], dumbǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], dumbōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], dumbô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], dumbōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], dumbanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], dumbanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], dumbōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], dumbōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], dumbô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], dumbōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], dumbiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], dumbanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], dumbōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], dumbōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], dumbiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], dumbanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], dumbini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], dumbammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], dumbōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], dumbōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], dumbini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], dumbammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], dumbinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], dumbammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], dumbōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], dumbōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], dumbinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], dumbammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. dumb, mute, unable to speak Tags: reconstruction Related terms: daubaz (english: stunned, deaf)
    Sense id: en-dumbaz-gem-pro-adj-wIIEiJO3 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Derived forms: Proto-West Germanic: *dumbOld English: dumbMiddle English: dumbScots: dumbEnglish: dumbOld Frisian: dumbNorth Frisian: dom, dommeSaterland Frisian: dumWest Frisian: domOld Saxon: dumbMiddle Low German: dumLow German: dummOld Dutch: dumbMiddle Dutch: domDutch: domAfrikaans: domBerbice Creole Dutch: dumNegerhollands: dom, dum→ Sranan Tongo: donLimburgish: dómbOld High German: tumbMiddle High German: tumpGerman: dumm (english: see there for further descendants) [Central, German], tumbHunsrik: dummLuxembourgish: domm [Upper-German, archaic], 𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌱𐍃 (english: dumbs) [Gothic] Derived forms (Old Norse: dumbr): dumbur [Faroese], dumn (english: deaf, stupid), dummar, dumbårr, dumbur Derived forms (Old Norse: dumbr; Danish): dum Derived forms (Old Norse: dumbr; Icelandic): dumbur Derived forms (Old Norse: dumbr; Norwegian): dum Derived forms (Old Swedish: dumber; Swedish): dum
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰm̥bʰ-o-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰm̥bʰ-o-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure; to confuse, stupefy"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure; to confuse, stupefy”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰm̥bʰ-o-s, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure; to confuse, stupefy”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dumb"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*dumbaz",
        "10": "*dumbaimiz",
        "11": "*dumbō",
        "12": "*dumbǭ",
        "13": "*dumbaizōz",
        "14": "*dumbaizōi",
        "15": "*dumbaizō",
        "16": "*dumbôz",
        "17": "*dumbōz",
        "18": "*dumbaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*dumbaimaz",
        "2": "*dumbanǭ",
        "20": "*dumbaimiz",
        "21": "*dumbą, -atō",
        "22": "*dumbą, -atō",
        "23": "*dumbas, -is",
        "24": "*dumbammai",
        "25": "*dumbanō",
        "26": "*dumbō",
        "27": "*dumbō",
        "28": "*dumbaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*dumbaimaz",
        "3": "*dumbas, -is",
        "30": "*dumbaimiz",
        "31": "*dumbô",
        "32": "*dumbanų",
        "33": "*dumbiniz",
        "34": "*dumbini",
        "35": "*dumbinē",
        "36": "*dumbaniz",
        "37": "*dumbanunz",
        "38": "*dumbanǫ̂",
        "39": "*dumbammaz",
        "4": "*dumbammai",
        "40": "*dumbammiz",
        "41": "*dumbǭ",
        "42": "*dumbōnų",
        "43": "*dumbōniz",
        "44": "*dumbōni",
        "45": "*dumbōnē",
        "46": "*dumbōniz",
        "47": "*dumbōnunz",
        "48": "*dumbōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*dumbōmaz",
        "5": "*dumbanō",
        "50": "*dumbōmiz",
        "51": "*dumbô",
        "52": "*dumbô",
        "53": "*dumbiniz",
        "54": "*dumbini",
        "55": "*dumbinē",
        "56": "*dumbōnō",
        "57": "*dumbōnō",
        "58": "*dumbanǫ̂",
        "59": "*dumbammaz",
        "6": "*dumbai",
        "60": "*dumbammiz",
        "7": "*dumbanz",
        "8": "*dumbaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*dumbaimaz",
        "title": "*dumbaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dumbaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "Proto-West Germanic: *dumbOld English: dumbMiddle English: dumbScots: dumbEnglish: dumbOld Frisian: dumbNorth Frisian: dom"
        },
        {
          "word": "dommeSaterland Frisian: dumWest Frisian: domOld Saxon: dumbMiddle Low German: dumLow German: dummOld Dutch: dumbMiddle Dutch: domDutch: domAfrikaans: domBerbice Creole Dutch: dumNegerhollands: dom"
        },
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "tags": [
            "Central",
            "German"
          ],
          "word": "dum→ Sranan Tongo: donLimburgish: dómbOld High German: tumbMiddle High German: tumpGerman: dumm"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Upper-German",
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "tumbHunsrik: dummLuxembourgish: domm"
        },
        {
          "english": "dumbs",
          "tags": [
            "Gothic"
          ],
          "word": "𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌱𐍃"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr; Icelandic",
          "word": "dumbur"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr",
          "tags": [
            "Faroese"
          ],
          "word": "dumbur"
        },
        {
          "english": "deaf, stupid",
          "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr",
          "word": "dumn"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr",
          "word": "dummar"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr",
          "word": "dumbårr"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr",
          "word": "dumbur"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr; Norwegian",
          "word": "dum"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Swedish: dumber; Swedish",
          "word": "dum"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr; Danish",
          "word": "dum"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dumb, mute, unable to speak"
      ],
      "id": "en-dumbaz-gem-pro-adj-wIIEiJO3",
      "links": [
        [
          "dumb",
          "dumb"
        ],
        [
          "mute",
          "mute"
        ],
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "stunned, deaf",
          "word": "daubaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdum.bɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dumbaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Proto-West Germanic: *dumbOld English: dumbMiddle English: dumbScots: dumbEnglish: dumbOld Frisian: dumbNorth Frisian: dom"
    },
    {
      "word": "dommeSaterland Frisian: dumWest Frisian: domOld Saxon: dumbMiddle Low German: dumLow German: dummOld Dutch: dumbMiddle Dutch: domDutch: domAfrikaans: domBerbice Creole Dutch: dumNegerhollands: dom"
    },
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "German"
      ],
      "word": "dum→ Sranan Tongo: donLimburgish: dómbOld High German: tumbMiddle High German: tumpGerman: dumm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Upper-German",
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "tumbHunsrik: dummLuxembourgish: domm"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr; Icelandic",
      "word": "dumbur"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr",
      "tags": [
        "Faroese"
      ],
      "word": "dumbur"
    },
    {
      "english": "deaf, stupid",
      "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr",
      "word": "dumn"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr; Norwegian",
      "word": "dum"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Swedish: dumber; Swedish",
      "word": "dum"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr; Danish",
      "word": "dum"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr",
      "word": "dummar"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr",
      "word": "dumbårr"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Norse: dumbr",
      "word": "dumbur"
    },
    {
      "english": "dumbs",
      "tags": [
        "Gothic"
      ],
      "word": "𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌱𐍃"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰm̥bʰ-o-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰm̥bʰ-o-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure; to confuse, stupefy"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure; to confuse, stupefy”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰm̥bʰ-o-s, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure; to confuse, stupefy”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dumbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dumb"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*dumbaz",
        "10": "*dumbaimiz",
        "11": "*dumbō",
        "12": "*dumbǭ",
        "13": "*dumbaizōz",
        "14": "*dumbaizōi",
        "15": "*dumbaizō",
        "16": "*dumbôz",
        "17": "*dumbōz",
        "18": "*dumbaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*dumbaimaz",
        "2": "*dumbanǭ",
        "20": "*dumbaimiz",
        "21": "*dumbą, -atō",
        "22": "*dumbą, -atō",
        "23": "*dumbas, -is",
        "24": "*dumbammai",
        "25": "*dumbanō",
        "26": "*dumbō",
        "27": "*dumbō",
        "28": "*dumbaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*dumbaimaz",
        "3": "*dumbas, -is",
        "30": "*dumbaimiz",
        "31": "*dumbô",
        "32": "*dumbanų",
        "33": "*dumbiniz",
        "34": "*dumbini",
        "35": "*dumbinē",
        "36": "*dumbaniz",
        "37": "*dumbanunz",
        "38": "*dumbanǫ̂",
        "39": "*dumbammaz",
        "4": "*dumbammai",
        "40": "*dumbammiz",
        "41": "*dumbǭ",
        "42": "*dumbōnų",
        "43": "*dumbōniz",
        "44": "*dumbōni",
        "45": "*dumbōnē",
        "46": "*dumbōniz",
        "47": "*dumbōnunz",
        "48": "*dumbōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*dumbōmaz",
        "5": "*dumbanō",
        "50": "*dumbōmiz",
        "51": "*dumbô",
        "52": "*dumbô",
        "53": "*dumbiniz",
        "54": "*dumbini",
        "55": "*dumbinē",
        "56": "*dumbōnō",
        "57": "*dumbōnō",
        "58": "*dumbanǫ̂",
        "59": "*dumbammaz",
        "6": "*dumbai",
        "60": "*dumbammiz",
        "7": "*dumbanz",
        "8": "*dumbaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*dumbaimaz",
        "title": "*dumbaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dumbaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "stunned, deaf",
      "word": "daubaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dumb, mute, unable to speak"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dumb",
          "dumb"
        ],
        [
          "mute",
          "mute"
        ],
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdum.bɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dumbaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for dumbaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.