See bruskaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*brusk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *brusk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *brusk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*brusk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *brusk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *brusk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "brusch",
"t": "bucher's broom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: brusch (“bucher's broom”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: brusch (“bucher's broom”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*brusk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *brusk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *brusk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "brusc",
"g": "m",
"t": "shrubs, twigs, bundle of sticks"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: brusc m (“shrubs, twigs, bundle of sticks”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: brusc m (“shrubs, twigs, bundle of sticks”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "brusk",
"g": "n",
"t": "shoot, bud"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: brusk n (“shoot, bud”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: brusk n (“shoot, bud”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "brüsch",
"g": "m",
"t": "thorny bush"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: brüsch m (“thorny bush”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: brüsch m (“thorny bush”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Brüsch"
},
"expansion": "German: Brüsch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Brüsch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*bruscus",
"bor": "1",
"t": "butcher's broom"
},
"expansion": "→ Vulgar Latin: *bruscus (“butcher's broom”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vulgar Latin: *bruscus (“butcher's broom”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "brusco",
"t": "prickly broom"
},
"expansion": "Italian: brusco (“prickly broom”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: brusco (“prickly broom”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "brusc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Occitan: brusc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Occitan: brusc"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "brusc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: brusc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: brusc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*bruscia",
"der": "1",
"t": "tree shoot"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *bruscia (“tree shoot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *bruscia (“tree shoot”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "broce",
"t": "scrub, brushwood, undergrowth"
},
"expansion": "Old French: broce (“scrub, brushwood, undergrowth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: broce (“scrub, brushwood, undergrowth”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "broisse"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: broisse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: broisse"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "brosse"
},
"expansion": "French: brosse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: brosse"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brusche",
"3": "brusshe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: brusche, brusshe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: brusche, brusshe"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brush"
},
"expansion": "English: brush",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: brush"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrūs‑"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrūs‑",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrūs‑, *bʰrews‑ (“to roar, roil, rustle, sprout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brusk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruską",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bruskaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 39 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 35 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 38 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scrub, undergrowth, underbrush"
],
"id": "en-bruskaz-gem-pro-noun-3nMsNHqU",
"links": [
[
"scrub",
"scrub"
],
[
"undergrowth",
"undergrowth"
],
[
"underbrush",
"underbrush"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 39 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 35 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 38 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thicket, copse"
],
"id": "en-bruskaz-gem-pro-noun-2wizxc-9",
"links": [
[
"thicket",
"thicket"
],
[
"copse",
"copse"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 39 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 35 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 38 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sprout, shoot; twig"
],
"id": "en-bruskaz-gem-pro-noun-RdSpu6co",
"links": [
[
"sprout",
"sprout"
],
[
"shoot",
"shoot"
],
[
"twig",
"twig"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbrus.kɑz/"
}
],
"word": "bruskaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*brusk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *brusk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *brusk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*brusk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *brusk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *brusk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "brusch",
"t": "bucher's broom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: brusch (“bucher's broom”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: brusch (“bucher's broom”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*brusk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *brusk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *brusk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "brusc",
"g": "m",
"t": "shrubs, twigs, bundle of sticks"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: brusc m (“shrubs, twigs, bundle of sticks”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: brusc m (“shrubs, twigs, bundle of sticks”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "brusk",
"g": "n",
"t": "shoot, bud"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: brusk n (“shoot, bud”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: brusk n (“shoot, bud”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "brüsch",
"g": "m",
"t": "thorny bush"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: brüsch m (“thorny bush”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: brüsch m (“thorny bush”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Brüsch"
},
"expansion": "German: Brüsch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Brüsch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*bruscus",
"bor": "1",
"t": "butcher's broom"
},
"expansion": "→ Vulgar Latin: *bruscus (“butcher's broom”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vulgar Latin: *bruscus (“butcher's broom”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "brusco",
"t": "prickly broom"
},
"expansion": "Italian: brusco (“prickly broom”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: brusco (“prickly broom”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "brusc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Occitan: brusc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Occitan: brusc"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "brusc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: brusc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: brusc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*bruscia",
"der": "1",
"t": "tree shoot"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *bruscia (“tree shoot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *bruscia (“tree shoot”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "broce",
"t": "scrub, brushwood, undergrowth"
},
"expansion": "Old French: broce (“scrub, brushwood, undergrowth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: broce (“scrub, brushwood, undergrowth”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "broisse"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: broisse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: broisse"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "brosse"
},
"expansion": "French: brosse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: brosse"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brusche",
"3": "brusshe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: brusche, brusshe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: brusche, brusshe"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brush"
},
"expansion": "English: brush",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: brush"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrūs‑"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrūs‑",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrūs‑, *bʰrews‑ (“to roar, roil, rustle, sprout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brusk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruską",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruskamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bruskaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"scrub, undergrowth, underbrush"
],
"links": [
[
"scrub",
"scrub"
],
[
"undergrowth",
"undergrowth"
],
[
"underbrush",
"underbrush"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thicket, copse"
],
"links": [
[
"thicket",
"thicket"
],
[
"copse",
"copse"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sprout, shoot; twig"
],
"links": [
[
"sprout",
"sprout"
],
[
"shoot",
"shoot"
],
[
"twig",
"twig"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbrus.kɑz/"
}
],
"word": "bruskaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bruskaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.