See beuną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beuną (infinitive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, bee, be, b'",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, bee, be, b'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biumi (1st person singular present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēom",
"3": "bīom"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēom, bīom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēom, bīom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "bem",
"3": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "bīum"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "bim"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: bim",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: bim"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bim",
"3": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: ben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: ben"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "bän"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: bän",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: bän"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "bön"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: bön",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: bön"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bim"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bi",
"3": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: bi, bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: bi, bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swg",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Swabian: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swabian: bin, ben, bee"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "pin"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: pin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: pin, pinn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "בין"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: בין (bin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: בין (bin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*biusi (2nd person singular present) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biuþi (3rd person singular present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "biþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biunþi (3rd person plural present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēoþ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: beth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: beth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beu (2nd person singular imperative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: be"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beuþ (2nd person plural imperative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēoþ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: beth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: beth"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰéwH-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwH-ti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fuī",
"3": "",
"4": "have been",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Latin fuī (“have been”, verb)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "futūrus",
"3": "",
"4": "becoming, imminent, future"
},
"expansion": "Latin futūrus (“becoming, imminent, future”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भवति",
"tr": "bhávati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भवति (bhávati)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwH-ti, e-grade of *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”). Cognate with Latin fuī (“have been”, verb), Latin futūrus (“becoming, imminent, future”), Sanskrit भवति (bhávati).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-irreg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "biumi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjǭ?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biusi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjēs?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biuþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjē?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beuþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beū?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biuþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beuþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biunþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beunþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wast",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wesandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "beuną"
},
"name": "gem-conj-irreg"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/beuną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be"
],
"id": "en-beuną-gem-pro-verb-CvEgfuq9",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*wesaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become"
],
"id": "en-beuną-gem-pro-verb-rV000xq8",
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeu̯.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "beuną"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic irregular verbs",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic suppletive verbs",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"Proto-Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beuną (infinitive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, bee, be, b'",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, bee, be, b'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biumi (1st person singular present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēom",
"3": "bīom"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēom, bīom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēom, bīom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "bem",
"3": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "bīum"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "bim"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: bim",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: bim"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bim",
"3": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: ben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: ben"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "bän"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: bän",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: bän"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "bön"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: bön",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: bön"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bim"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bi",
"3": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: bi, bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: bi, bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swg",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Swabian: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swabian: bin, ben, bee"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "pin"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: pin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: pin, pinn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "בין"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: בין (bin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: בין (bin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*biusi (2nd person singular present) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biuþi (3rd person singular present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "biþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biunþi (3rd person plural present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēoþ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: beth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: beth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beu (2nd person singular imperative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: be"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beuþ (2nd person plural imperative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēoþ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: beth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: beth"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰéwH-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwH-ti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fuī",
"3": "",
"4": "have been",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Latin fuī (“have been”, verb)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "futūrus",
"3": "",
"4": "becoming, imminent, future"
},
"expansion": "Latin futūrus (“becoming, imminent, future”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भवति",
"tr": "bhávati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भवति (bhávati)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwH-ti, e-grade of *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”). Cognate with Latin fuī (“have been”, verb), Latin futūrus (“becoming, imminent, future”), Sanskrit भवति (bhávati).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-irreg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "biumi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjǭ?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biusi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjēs?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biuþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjē?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beuþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beū?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biuþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beuþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biunþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beunþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wast",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wesandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "beuną"
},
"name": "gem-conj-irreg"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/beuną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be"
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*wesaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to become"
],
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeu̯.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "beuną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for beuną meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.