See barō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*baru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *baru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *baru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "bēr",
"t1": "threat, attack"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: bēr (“threat, attack”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*barjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *barjan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly deverbal from Proto-West Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*barjan</i>"
},
"expansion": "(possibly deverbal from Proto-West Germanic *barjan)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: bēr (“threat, attack”) (possibly deverbal from Proto-West Germanic *barjan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bara",
"t": "fenced plot of land, enclosure, district"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bara (“fenced plot of land, enclosure, district”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bara (“fenced plot of land, enclosure, district”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-vul",
"2": "*barra",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Vulgar Latin: *barra",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with sporadic geminate r; unless from Gaulish"
},
"expansion": "(with sporadic geminate r; unless from Gaulish)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Vulgar Latin: *barra (with sporadic geminate r; unless from Gaulish) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "berlingr",
"der": "1",
"pos": "diminutive",
"t": "short bar"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: berlingr (“short bar”, diminutive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: berlingr (“short bar”, diminutive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "berlingur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: berlingur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: berlingur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "berling"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: berling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: berling"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bärling"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: bärling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: bärling"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "berling",
"3": "barling",
"4": "birling",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: berling, barling, birling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: berling, barling, birling"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "berling",
"3": "barling"
},
"expansion": "English: berling, barling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: berling, barling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike; pierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to strike; pierce”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "forus",
"3": "",
"4": "gangway, plank"
},
"expansion": "Latin forus (“gangway, plank”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "забо́р",
"3": "",
"4": "fencing, paling, fence"
},
"expansion": "Russian забо́р (zabór, “fencing, paling, fence”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάρος",
"3": "",
"4": "piece of land, furrow, marker, beacon, lighthouse"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φάρος (pháros, “piece of land, furrow, marker, beacon, lighthouse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰoréh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰoréh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "support"
},
"expansion": "“support”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "barar",
"3": "",
"4": "handbarrow, bier",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse barar f pl (“handbarrow, bier”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to strike; pierce”). Compare Latin forus (“gangway, plank”), Russian забо́р (zabór, “fencing, paling, fence”). Compare also Ancient Greek φάρος (pháros, “piece of land, furrow, marker, beacon, lighthouse”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoréh₂ via a meaning “support”, from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). Compare in that case Old Norse barar f pl (“handbarrow, bier”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "barō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "barjaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beam, bar, rail"
],
"id": "en-barō-gem-pro-noun-e-CSJKE1",
"links": [
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
],
[
"rail",
"rail"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 26 29 32 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 29 30 35 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 48 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barricade, barrier"
],
"id": "en-barō-gem-pro-noun-AxB7QNmT",
"links": [
[
"barricade",
"barricade"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 26 29 32 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 29 30 35 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 48 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"paling, fencing"
],
"id": "en-barō-gem-pro-noun-xb49-2X~",
"links": [
[
"paling",
"paling"
],
[
"fencing",
"fencing"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑ.rɔː/"
}
],
"word": "barō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*baru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *baru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *baru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "bēr",
"t1": "threat, attack"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: bēr (“threat, attack”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*barjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *barjan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly deverbal from Proto-West Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*barjan</i>"
},
"expansion": "(possibly deverbal from Proto-West Germanic *barjan)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: bēr (“threat, attack”) (possibly deverbal from Proto-West Germanic *barjan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bara",
"t": "fenced plot of land, enclosure, district"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bara (“fenced plot of land, enclosure, district”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bara (“fenced plot of land, enclosure, district”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-vul",
"2": "*barra",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Vulgar Latin: *barra",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with sporadic geminate r; unless from Gaulish"
},
"expansion": "(with sporadic geminate r; unless from Gaulish)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Vulgar Latin: *barra (with sporadic geminate r; unless from Gaulish) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "berlingr",
"der": "1",
"pos": "diminutive",
"t": "short bar"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: berlingr (“short bar”, diminutive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: berlingr (“short bar”, diminutive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "berlingur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: berlingur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: berlingur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "berling"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: berling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: berling"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bärling"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: bärling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: bärling"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "berling",
"3": "barling",
"4": "birling",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: berling, barling, birling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: berling, barling, birling"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "berling",
"3": "barling"
},
"expansion": "English: berling, barling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: berling, barling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike; pierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to strike; pierce”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "forus",
"3": "",
"4": "gangway, plank"
},
"expansion": "Latin forus (“gangway, plank”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "забо́р",
"3": "",
"4": "fencing, paling, fence"
},
"expansion": "Russian забо́р (zabór, “fencing, paling, fence”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάρος",
"3": "",
"4": "piece of land, furrow, marker, beacon, lighthouse"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φάρος (pháros, “piece of land, furrow, marker, beacon, lighthouse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰoréh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰoréh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "support"
},
"expansion": "“support”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "barar",
"3": "",
"4": "handbarrow, bier",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse barar f pl (“handbarrow, bier”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to strike; pierce”). Compare Latin forus (“gangway, plank”), Russian забо́р (zabór, “fencing, paling, fence”). Compare also Ancient Greek φάρος (pháros, “piece of land, furrow, marker, beacon, lighthouse”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoréh₂ via a meaning “support”, from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). Compare in that case Old Norse barar f pl (“handbarrow, bier”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "barō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "barjaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beam, bar, rail"
],
"links": [
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
],
[
"rail",
"rail"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"barricade, barrier"
],
"links": [
[
"barricade",
"barricade"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"paling, fencing"
],
"links": [
[
"paling",
"paling"
],
[
"fencing",
"fencing"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑ.rɔː/"
}
],
"word": "barō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for barō meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.