See balkô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*balkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *balkō, *balk\nOld English: bælca, bealca\nOld Frisian: balka\nSaterland Frisian: Boolke\nWest Frisian: balke\nOld Saxon: balko\nMiddle Low German: balke\nPlautdietsch: Baulkjen\n→ Estonian: palk\nOld Dutch: *balco\nMiddle Dutch: balke\nDutch: balk\nAfrikaans: balk\nNegerhollands: balk\n→ Caribbean Javanese: baleg, balok\n→ Javanese: ꦧꦭꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (balok)\n→ Indonesian: balok\n→ Malay: balak\n> Indonesian: balak (inherited)\n→ Papiamentu: balki (from the diminutive)\n→ Saramaccan: báíki\n→ Sranan Tongo: barki, balk\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: barki\nLimburgish: balk\nOld High German: balko, balcho, palcho, balco\nMiddle High German: balke\nGerman: Balken\nKashubian: balka\nSlovincian: balka\n→ Old Polish: balka\nPolish: belka\nSilesian: bŏlka\nLombardic: palk\n→ Italian: palco\n→ Medieval Latin: balcō [c. 1040, Goscelin] (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *balkō, *balk\nOld English: bælca, bealca\nOld Frisian: balka\nSaterland Frisian: Boolke\nWest Frisian: balke\nOld Saxon: balko\nMiddle Low German: balke\nPlautdietsch: Baulkjen\n→ Estonian: palk\nOld Dutch: *balco\nMiddle Dutch: balke\nDutch: balk\nAfrikaans: balk\nNegerhollands: balk\n→ Caribbean Javanese: baleg, balok\n→ Javanese: ꦧꦭꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (balok)\n→ Indonesian: balok\n→ Malay: balak\n> Indonesian: balak (inherited)\n→ Papiamentu: balki (from the diminutive)\n→ Saramaccan: báíki\n→ Sranan Tongo: barki, balk\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: barki\nLimburgish: balk\nOld High German: balko, balcho, palcho, balco\nMiddle High German: balke\nGerman: Balken\nKashubian: balka\nSlovincian: balka\n→ Old Polish: balka\nPolish: belka\nSilesian: bŏlka\nLombardic: palk\n→ Italian: palco\n→ Medieval Latin: balcō [c. 1040, Goscelin] (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bǫlkr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bǫlkr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bǫlkr (< *balkuz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bálkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bálkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bálkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bólkur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bólkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bólkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bolk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bolk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "balker",
"3": "bolker"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: balker, bolker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: balker, bolker"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "balk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: balk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: balk"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "palkki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: palkki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: palkki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "balk"
},
"expansion": "Danish: balk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: balk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "balca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old English: balca, bealca, bælca\nMiddle English: balke, bauke\nEnglish: balk\nScots: bauk\nYola: balke",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old English: balca, bealca, bælca\nMiddle English: balke, bauke\nEnglish: balk\nScots: bauk\nYola: balke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bjalki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bjalki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bjalki (< *belkô)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bjálki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bjálki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bjálki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bjálki"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bjálki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bjálki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bjelke"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bjelke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bjelke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bjelke"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bjelke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bjelke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "biælke"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: biælke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: biælke"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bjälke"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: bjälke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: bjälke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bjælke"
},
"expansion": "Danish: bjælke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: bjælke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*bjalk",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Norse: *bjalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Norse: *bjalk (< *belkō)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"id": "beam"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "beam, plank"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bolzìna",
"t": "beam, board"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bolzìna (“beam, board”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "balžíenas",
"t": "cross-beam"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian balžíenas (“cross-beam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰelǵʰ-on-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-on-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*balgiz",
"t": "bag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *balgiz (“bag”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”). However, in light of Winter's law as applied to Balto-Slavic cognates such as Proto-Slavic *bolzìna (“beam, board”) and Lithuanian balžíenas (“cross-beam”), Kroonen prefers to derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-on-, from *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”), and notes relation to Proto-Germanic *balgiz (“bag”) in spite of the divergent semantics.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "balkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "balkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "balkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "balkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "balkanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "balkanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "balkiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "balkanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "balkini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "balkammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "balkinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "balkammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balkô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beam, balk"
],
"id": "en-balkô-gem-pro-noun-rNjKTrth",
"links": [
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"balk",
"balk"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "balkuz"
},
{
"word": "blukką"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑl.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "balkô"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*balkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *balkō, *balk\nOld English: bælca, bealca\nOld Frisian: balka\nSaterland Frisian: Boolke\nWest Frisian: balke\nOld Saxon: balko\nMiddle Low German: balke\nPlautdietsch: Baulkjen\n→ Estonian: palk\nOld Dutch: *balco\nMiddle Dutch: balke\nDutch: balk\nAfrikaans: balk\nNegerhollands: balk\n→ Caribbean Javanese: baleg, balok\n→ Javanese: ꦧꦭꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (balok)\n→ Indonesian: balok\n→ Malay: balak\n> Indonesian: balak (inherited)\n→ Papiamentu: balki (from the diminutive)\n→ Saramaccan: báíki\n→ Sranan Tongo: barki, balk\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: barki\nLimburgish: balk\nOld High German: balko, balcho, palcho, balco\nMiddle High German: balke\nGerman: Balken\nKashubian: balka\nSlovincian: balka\n→ Old Polish: balka\nPolish: belka\nSilesian: bŏlka\nLombardic: palk\n→ Italian: palco\n→ Medieval Latin: balcō [c. 1040, Goscelin] (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *balkō, *balk\nOld English: bælca, bealca\nOld Frisian: balka\nSaterland Frisian: Boolke\nWest Frisian: balke\nOld Saxon: balko\nMiddle Low German: balke\nPlautdietsch: Baulkjen\n→ Estonian: palk\nOld Dutch: *balco\nMiddle Dutch: balke\nDutch: balk\nAfrikaans: balk\nNegerhollands: balk\n→ Caribbean Javanese: baleg, balok\n→ Javanese: ꦧꦭꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (balok)\n→ Indonesian: balok\n→ Malay: balak\n> Indonesian: balak (inherited)\n→ Papiamentu: balki (from the diminutive)\n→ Saramaccan: báíki\n→ Sranan Tongo: barki, balk\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: barki\nLimburgish: balk\nOld High German: balko, balcho, palcho, balco\nMiddle High German: balke\nGerman: Balken\nKashubian: balka\nSlovincian: balka\n→ Old Polish: balka\nPolish: belka\nSilesian: bŏlka\nLombardic: palk\n→ Italian: palco\n→ Medieval Latin: balcō [c. 1040, Goscelin] (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bǫlkr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bǫlkr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bǫlkr (< *balkuz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bálkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bálkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bálkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bólkur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bólkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bólkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bolk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bolk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "balker",
"3": "bolker"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: balker, bolker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: balker, bolker"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "balk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: balk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: balk"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "palkki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: palkki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: palkki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "balk"
},
"expansion": "Danish: balk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: balk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "balca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old English: balca, bealca, bælca\nMiddle English: balke, bauke\nEnglish: balk\nScots: bauk\nYola: balke",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old English: balca, bealca, bælca\nMiddle English: balke, bauke\nEnglish: balk\nScots: bauk\nYola: balke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bjalki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bjalki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bjalki (< *belkô)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bjálki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bjálki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bjálki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bjálki"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bjálki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bjálki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bjelke"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bjelke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bjelke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bjelke"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bjelke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bjelke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "biælke"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: biælke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: biælke"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bjälke"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: bjälke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: bjälke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bjælke"
},
"expansion": "Danish: bjælke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: bjælke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*bjalk",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Norse: *bjalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Norse: *bjalk (< *belkō)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"id": "beam"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "beam, plank"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bolzìna",
"t": "beam, board"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bolzìna (“beam, board”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "balžíenas",
"t": "cross-beam"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian balžíenas (“cross-beam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰelǵʰ-on-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-on-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*balgiz",
"t": "bag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *balgiz (“bag”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”). However, in light of Winter's law as applied to Balto-Slavic cognates such as Proto-Slavic *bolzìna (“beam, board”) and Lithuanian balžíenas (“cross-beam”), Kroonen prefers to derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-on-, from *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”), and notes relation to Proto-Germanic *balgiz (“bag”) in spite of the divergent semantics.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "balkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "balkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "balkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "balkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "balkanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "balkanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "balkiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "balkanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "balkini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "balkammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "balkinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "balkammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balkô",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "balkuz"
},
{
"word": "blukką"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰelǵ-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"beam, balk"
],
"links": [
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"balk",
"balk"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑl.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "balkô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for balkô meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.