See auk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*auk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *auk\nOld English: ēac, ek, ec — Mercian, æac\nMiddle English: ek, eek, eke\nScots: eik, ek\nEnglish: eke\n⇒ Middle English: ekename\n⇒ English: nickname (via rebracketing)\nOld Frisian: āk, ocke\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: uk\nSaterland Frisian: uk, ook\nWest Frisian: ek\nOld Saxon: ōk\nMiddle Low German: ôk\nDutch Low Saxon: ok, ook\nGerman Low German: ok, auk, ock, ohk, ook\nPlautdietsch: uk\nOld Dutch: ōk, ouk, ouch\nMiddle Dutch: ooc\nDutch: ook\nAfrikaans: ook\nBerbice Creole Dutch: oko\nJersey Dutch: ôk\nNegerhollands: ook\nPetjo: ook\nSkepi Creole Dutch: oak\nWest Flemish: wok\nOld High German: ouh\nMiddle High German: ouch\nAlemannic German: au\nCimbrian: òch\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: aach\nLuxembourgish: och\nGerman: auch\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אויך (oykh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *auk\nOld English: ēac, ek, ec — Mercian, æac\nMiddle English: ek, eek, eke\nScots: eik, ek\nEnglish: eke\n⇒ Middle English: ekename\n⇒ English: nickname (via rebracketing)\nOld Frisian: āk, ocke\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: uk\nSaterland Frisian: uk, ook\nWest Frisian: ek\nOld Saxon: ōk\nMiddle Low German: ôk\nDutch Low Saxon: ok, ook\nGerman Low German: ok, auk, ock, ohk, ook\nPlautdietsch: uk\nOld Dutch: ōk, ouk, ouch\nMiddle Dutch: ooc\nDutch: ook\nAfrikaans: ook\nBerbice Creole Dutch: oko\nJersey Dutch: ôk\nNegerhollands: ook\nPetjo: ook\nSkepi Creole Dutch: oak\nWest Flemish: wok\nOld High German: ouh\nMiddle High German: ouch\nAlemannic German: au\nCimbrian: òch\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: aach\nLuxembourgish: och\nGerman: auch\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אויך (oykh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "auk"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: auk, ok\nIcelandic: auk, og\nFaroese: og\nNorwegian Nynorsk: og, au, aug; (dialectal) ok, auk, ug\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: au\nJamtish: og\nElfdalian: og\nOld Swedish: ok, oc, och, ogh\nSwedish: och, ock\nOld Danish: oc\nDanish: og\nNorwegian Bokmål: og\n→ Middle English: oc, ok\n⇒ Scots: okname, ockname",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: auk, ok\nIcelandic: auk, og\nFaroese: og\nNorwegian Nynorsk: og, au, aug; (dialectal) ok, auk, ug\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: au\nJamtish: og\nElfdalian: og\nOld Swedish: ok, oc, och, ogh\nSwedish: och, ock\nOld Danish: oc\nDanish: og\nNorwegian Bokmål: og\n→ Middle English: oc, ok\n⇒ Scots: okname, ockname"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌿𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌺 (auk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌺 (auk)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*h₂ew>away from",
"4": "ine-pro>*gʰe>intensifier",
"id": "also"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew",
"4": "",
"5": "away, again"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖ",
"3": "",
"4": "again"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖγε"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”) + *gʰe (intensifier); compare Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”), γε (ge, “at least, at any rate”), also found as Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge). But compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/auk",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aukaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"also, too"
],
"id": "en-auk-gem-pro-adv-gfFjydy1",
"links": [
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"too",
"too"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"furthermore, in addition"
],
"id": "en-auk-gem-pro-adv-YZJDmxrq",
"links": [
[
"furthermore",
"furthermore"
],
[
"in addition",
"in addition"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑu̯k/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "auk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*h₂ew>away from",
"4": "ine-pro>*gʰe>intensifier",
"id": "also"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew",
"4": "",
"5": "away, again"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖ",
"3": "",
"4": "again"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖγε"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”) + *gʰe (intensifier); compare Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”), γε (ge, “at least, at any rate”), also found as Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge). But compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/auk",
"pos": "conj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ak"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"id": "en-auk-gem-pro-conj-YgERG4Og",
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*andi"
},
{
"word": "*jahw"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"but also"
],
"id": "en-auk-gem-pro-conj-UYKcJVvb",
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑu̯k/"
}
],
"word": "auk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic conjunctions",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*auk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *auk\nOld English: ēac, ek, ec — Mercian, æac\nMiddle English: ek, eek, eke\nScots: eik, ek\nEnglish: eke\n⇒ Middle English: ekename\n⇒ English: nickname (via rebracketing)\nOld Frisian: āk, ocke\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: uk\nSaterland Frisian: uk, ook\nWest Frisian: ek\nOld Saxon: ōk\nMiddle Low German: ôk\nDutch Low Saxon: ok, ook\nGerman Low German: ok, auk, ock, ohk, ook\nPlautdietsch: uk\nOld Dutch: ōk, ouk, ouch\nMiddle Dutch: ooc\nDutch: ook\nAfrikaans: ook\nBerbice Creole Dutch: oko\nJersey Dutch: ôk\nNegerhollands: ook\nPetjo: ook\nSkepi Creole Dutch: oak\nWest Flemish: wok\nOld High German: ouh\nMiddle High German: ouch\nAlemannic German: au\nCimbrian: òch\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: aach\nLuxembourgish: och\nGerman: auch\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אויך (oykh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *auk\nOld English: ēac, ek, ec — Mercian, æac\nMiddle English: ek, eek, eke\nScots: eik, ek\nEnglish: eke\n⇒ Middle English: ekename\n⇒ English: nickname (via rebracketing)\nOld Frisian: āk, ocke\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: uk\nSaterland Frisian: uk, ook\nWest Frisian: ek\nOld Saxon: ōk\nMiddle Low German: ôk\nDutch Low Saxon: ok, ook\nGerman Low German: ok, auk, ock, ohk, ook\nPlautdietsch: uk\nOld Dutch: ōk, ouk, ouch\nMiddle Dutch: ooc\nDutch: ook\nAfrikaans: ook\nBerbice Creole Dutch: oko\nJersey Dutch: ôk\nNegerhollands: ook\nPetjo: ook\nSkepi Creole Dutch: oak\nWest Flemish: wok\nOld High German: ouh\nMiddle High German: ouch\nAlemannic German: au\nCimbrian: òch\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: aach\nLuxembourgish: och\nGerman: auch\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אויך (oykh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "auk"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: auk, ok\nIcelandic: auk, og\nFaroese: og\nNorwegian Nynorsk: og, au, aug; (dialectal) ok, auk, ug\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: au\nJamtish: og\nElfdalian: og\nOld Swedish: ok, oc, och, ogh\nSwedish: och, ock\nOld Danish: oc\nDanish: og\nNorwegian Bokmål: og\n→ Middle English: oc, ok\n⇒ Scots: okname, ockname",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: auk, ok\nIcelandic: auk, og\nFaroese: og\nNorwegian Nynorsk: og, au, aug; (dialectal) ok, auk, ug\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: au\nJamtish: og\nElfdalian: og\nOld Swedish: ok, oc, och, ogh\nSwedish: och, ock\nOld Danish: oc\nDanish: og\nNorwegian Bokmål: og\n→ Middle English: oc, ok\n⇒ Scots: okname, ockname"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌿𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌺 (auk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌺 (auk)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*h₂ew>away from",
"4": "ine-pro>*gʰe>intensifier",
"id": "also"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew",
"4": "",
"5": "away, again"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖ",
"3": "",
"4": "again"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖγε"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”) + *gʰe (intensifier); compare Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”), γε (ge, “at least, at any rate”), also found as Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge). But compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/auk",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"word": "aukaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"also, too"
],
"links": [
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"too",
"too"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"furthermore, in addition"
],
"links": [
[
"furthermore",
"furthermore"
],
[
"in addition",
"in addition"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑu̯k/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "auk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic conjunctions",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*h₂ew>away from",
"4": "ine-pro>*gʰe>intensifier",
"id": "also"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew",
"4": "",
"5": "away, again"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖ",
"3": "",
"4": "again"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖγε"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”) + *gʰe (intensifier); compare Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”), γε (ge, “at least, at any rate”), also found as Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge). But compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/auk",
"pos": "conj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ak"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*andi"
},
{
"word": "*jahw"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"but also"
],
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑu̯k/"
}
],
"word": "auk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for auk meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.