See armaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for armaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (17.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*arm",
"id": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *arm\nOld English: earm, arm — Anglian\nMiddle English: arm\nEnglish: arm\nScots: airm\nYola: arrm\nOld Frisian: erm\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: iarem\nHalligen: eerm\nHeligoland: iaarem\nMooring: ärm\nSaterland Frisian: Íerm, Äirm (Strukelje)\nWest Frisian: earm\nOld Saxon: arm\nMiddle Low German: arm\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Arm\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Ārm\nLippisch: Arm\nSauerländisch: Ārm, Ārem, Oarm\nWestmünsterländisch: Arm\nPlautdietsch: Oam, Oarm\nOld Dutch: arm\nMiddle Dutch: arm\nDutch: arm\nAfrikaans: arm\nJavindo: arrem\nNegerhollands: arm, erm\nLimburgish: erm\nOld High German: arm, aram, arma\nMiddle High German: arm, arn\nAlemannic German: Aare, Arm, Are, Arme\nBavarian: Oarm\nCimbrian: arm\nCentral Franconian: Ärm, Arm, Orm (Moselle Franconian)\nHunsrik: Aarem\nGerman: Arm\nLuxembourgish: Aarm\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Aarm\nYiddish: אָרעם (orem)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *arm\nOld English: earm, arm — Anglian\nMiddle English: arm\nEnglish: arm\nScots: airm\nYola: arrm\nOld Frisian: erm\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: iarem\nHalligen: eerm\nHeligoland: iaarem\nMooring: ärm\nSaterland Frisian: Íerm, Äirm (Strukelje)\nWest Frisian: earm\nOld Saxon: arm\nMiddle Low German: arm\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Arm\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Ārm\nLippisch: Arm\nSauerländisch: Ārm, Ārem, Oarm\nWestmünsterländisch: Arm\nPlautdietsch: Oam, Oarm\nOld Dutch: arm\nMiddle Dutch: arm\nDutch: arm\nAfrikaans: arm\nJavindo: arrem\nNegerhollands: arm, erm\nLimburgish: erm\nOld High German: arm, aram, arma\nMiddle High German: arm, arn\nAlemannic German: Aare, Arm, Are, Arme\nBavarian: Oarm\nCimbrian: arm\nCentral Franconian: Ärm, Arm, Orm (Moselle Franconian)\nHunsrik: Aarem\nGerman: Arm\nLuxembourgish: Aarm\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Aarm\nYiddish: אָרעם (orem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "armr",
"id": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: armr\nIcelandic: armur\nFaroese: armur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: arm; (dialectal) arm’e\nOld Swedish: armber\nSwedish: arm\nDanish: arm\nNorwegian Bokmål: arm\nGutnish: arm, harm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: armr\nIcelandic: armur\nFaroese: armur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: arm; (dialectal) arm’e\nOld Swedish: armber\nSwedish: arm\nDanish: arm\nNorwegian Bokmål: arm\nGutnish: arm, harm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂er-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂érmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂érmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ìrmėdė",
"3": "",
"4": "gout"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ìrmėdė (“gout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "irmo",
"3": "",
"4": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian irmo (“arm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁρμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "armus"
},
"expansion": "Latin armus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*òrmo",
"3": "",
"4": "shoulder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *òrmo (“shoulder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ईर्म",
"t": "arm",
"tr": "īrmá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ईर्म (īrmá, “arm”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érmos, *h₂ŕ̥mos, from the root *h₂er-.\nCognate with Lithuanian ìrmėdė (“gout”), Old Prussian irmo (“arm”), Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós), Latin armus, Proto-Slavic *òrmo (“shoulder”), Sanskrit ईर्म (īrmá, “arm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "armaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "armōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "armōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "armōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "armą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "armas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "armai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "armō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"arm"
],
"id": "en-armaz-gem-pro-noun-gem_pro:arm",
"links": [
[
"arm",
"arm"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:arm"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑr.mɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "armaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "armāną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "armijaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "armōdiją"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*arm",
"id": "poor"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *arm\nOld English: earm\nMiddle English: arm\nEnglish: arm\nScots: arm\nOld Frisian: erm\nSaterland Frisian: äärm\nWest Frisian: earm\nOld Saxon: *arm\nMiddle Low German: arm\nGerman Low German: arm\nPlautdietsch: oam, oarm\nOld Dutch: arm\nMiddle Dutch: arm\nDutch: arm\nAfrikaans: arm\nBerbice Creole Dutch: arum\nJersey Dutch: arm\nNegerhollands: aerm\nPetjo: arm\nLimburgish: erm\nOld High German: arm\nMiddle High German: arm\nCimbrian: arm\nGerman: arm\nLuxembourgish: aarm\nPlautdietsch: aarem\nYiddish: אָרעם (orem)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *arm\nOld English: earm\nMiddle English: arm\nEnglish: arm\nScots: arm\nOld Frisian: erm\nSaterland Frisian: äärm\nWest Frisian: earm\nOld Saxon: *arm\nMiddle Low German: arm\nGerman Low German: arm\nPlautdietsch: oam, oarm\nOld Dutch: arm\nMiddle Dutch: arm\nDutch: arm\nAfrikaans: arm\nBerbice Creole Dutch: arum\nJersey Dutch: arm\nNegerhollands: aerm\nPetjo: arm\nLimburgish: erm\nOld High German: arm\nMiddle High German: arm\nCimbrian: arm\nGerman: arm\nLuxembourgish: aarm\nPlautdietsch: aarem\nYiddish: אָרעם (orem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "armr",
"id": "poor"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: armr\nDanish: arm\nFaroese: armur\nIcelandic: armur\nNorwegian Bokmål: arm\nNorwegian Nynorsk: arm\nSwedish: arm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: armr\nDanish: arm\nFaroese: armur\nIcelandic: armur\nNorwegian Bokmål: arm\nNorwegian Nynorsk: arm\nSwedish: arm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*armas",
"3": "*armo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *armas, *armo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *armas, *armo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁erm-",
"4": "",
"5": "poor, ill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm- (“poor, ill”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒅕𒈠𒀭",
"3": "",
"4": "sickness",
"tr": "erman"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒅕𒈠𒀭 (erman, “sickness”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃erbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "haustr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse haustr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm- (“poor, ill”). Cognate with Hittite 𒅕𒈠𒀭 (erman, “sickness”).\nAlternatively, from Pre-Germanic *h₃orbʰmos, with loss of -b- before -m-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-, whence English orphan. Compare the Norse variant aumr, as from *arbmaz with no loss of -b-, which mirrors the dissimilation of Old Norse haustr from *harbistaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "armōzô",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "armōstaz",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "armaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "arminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "arminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "arminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "arminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arm"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*armaz",
"10": "*armaimiz",
"11": "*armō",
"12": "*armǭ",
"13": "*armaizōz",
"14": "*armaizōi",
"15": "*armaizō",
"16": "*armôz",
"17": "*armōz",
"18": "*armaizǫ̂",
"19": "*armaimaz",
"2": "*armanǭ",
"20": "*armaimiz",
"21": "*armą, -atō",
"22": "*armą, -atō",
"23": "*armas, -is",
"24": "*armammai",
"25": "*armanō",
"26": "*armō",
"27": "*armō",
"28": "*armaizǫ̂",
"29": "*armaimaz",
"3": "*armas, -is",
"30": "*armaimiz",
"31": "*armô",
"32": "*armanų",
"33": "*arminiz",
"34": "*armini",
"35": "*arminē",
"36": "*armaniz",
"37": "*armanunz",
"38": "*armanǫ̂",
"39": "*armammaz",
"4": "*armammai",
"40": "*armammiz",
"41": "*armǭ",
"42": "*armōnų",
"43": "*armōniz",
"44": "*armōni",
"45": "*armōnē",
"46": "*armōniz",
"47": "*armōnunz",
"48": "*armōnǫ̂",
"49": "*armōmaz",
"5": "*armanō",
"50": "*armōmiz",
"51": "*armô",
"52": "*armô",
"53": "*arminiz",
"54": "*armini",
"55": "*arminē",
"56": "*armōnō",
"57": "*armōnō",
"58": "*armanǫ̂",
"59": "*armammaz",
"6": "*armai",
"60": "*armammiz",
"7": "*armanz",
"8": "*armaizǫ̂",
"9": "*armaimaz",
"title": "*armaz (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armaz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"poor, miserable"
],
"id": "en-armaz-gem-pro-adj-gem_pro:poor",
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:poor"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 93 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pitiful, pitiable"
],
"id": "en-armaz-gem-pro-adj-ZYqp0TmS",
"links": [
[
"pitiful",
"pitiful"
],
[
"pitiable",
"pitiable"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑr.mɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "armaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂er-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*arm",
"id": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *arm\nOld English: earm, arm — Anglian\nMiddle English: arm\nEnglish: arm\nScots: airm\nYola: arrm\nOld Frisian: erm\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: iarem\nHalligen: eerm\nHeligoland: iaarem\nMooring: ärm\nSaterland Frisian: Íerm, Äirm (Strukelje)\nWest Frisian: earm\nOld Saxon: arm\nMiddle Low German: arm\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Arm\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Ārm\nLippisch: Arm\nSauerländisch: Ārm, Ārem, Oarm\nWestmünsterländisch: Arm\nPlautdietsch: Oam, Oarm\nOld Dutch: arm\nMiddle Dutch: arm\nDutch: arm\nAfrikaans: arm\nJavindo: arrem\nNegerhollands: arm, erm\nLimburgish: erm\nOld High German: arm, aram, arma\nMiddle High German: arm, arn\nAlemannic German: Aare, Arm, Are, Arme\nBavarian: Oarm\nCimbrian: arm\nCentral Franconian: Ärm, Arm, Orm (Moselle Franconian)\nHunsrik: Aarem\nGerman: Arm\nLuxembourgish: Aarm\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Aarm\nYiddish: אָרעם (orem)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *arm\nOld English: earm, arm — Anglian\nMiddle English: arm\nEnglish: arm\nScots: airm\nYola: arrm\nOld Frisian: erm\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: iarem\nHalligen: eerm\nHeligoland: iaarem\nMooring: ärm\nSaterland Frisian: Íerm, Äirm (Strukelje)\nWest Frisian: earm\nOld Saxon: arm\nMiddle Low German: arm\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Arm\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Ārm\nLippisch: Arm\nSauerländisch: Ārm, Ārem, Oarm\nWestmünsterländisch: Arm\nPlautdietsch: Oam, Oarm\nOld Dutch: arm\nMiddle Dutch: arm\nDutch: arm\nAfrikaans: arm\nJavindo: arrem\nNegerhollands: arm, erm\nLimburgish: erm\nOld High German: arm, aram, arma\nMiddle High German: arm, arn\nAlemannic German: Aare, Arm, Are, Arme\nBavarian: Oarm\nCimbrian: arm\nCentral Franconian: Ärm, Arm, Orm (Moselle Franconian)\nHunsrik: Aarem\nGerman: Arm\nLuxembourgish: Aarm\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Aarm\nYiddish: אָרעם (orem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "armr",
"id": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: armr\nIcelandic: armur\nFaroese: armur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: arm; (dialectal) arm’e\nOld Swedish: armber\nSwedish: arm\nDanish: arm\nNorwegian Bokmål: arm\nGutnish: arm, harm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: armr\nIcelandic: armur\nFaroese: armur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: arm; (dialectal) arm’e\nOld Swedish: armber\nSwedish: arm\nDanish: arm\nNorwegian Bokmål: arm\nGutnish: arm, harm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂er-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂érmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂érmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ìrmėdė",
"3": "",
"4": "gout"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ìrmėdė (“gout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "irmo",
"3": "",
"4": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian irmo (“arm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁρμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "armus"
},
"expansion": "Latin armus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*òrmo",
"3": "",
"4": "shoulder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *òrmo (“shoulder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ईर्म",
"t": "arm",
"tr": "īrmá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ईर्म (īrmá, “arm”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érmos, *h₂ŕ̥mos, from the root *h₂er-.\nCognate with Lithuanian ìrmėdė (“gout”), Old Prussian irmo (“arm”), Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós), Latin armus, Proto-Slavic *òrmo (“shoulder”), Sanskrit ईर्म (īrmá, “arm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "armaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "armōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "armōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "armōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "armą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "armas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "armai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "armō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "armamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"arm"
],
"links": [
[
"arm",
"arm"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:arm"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑr.mɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "armaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "armāną"
},
{
"word": "armijaną"
},
{
"word": "armōdiją"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*arm",
"id": "poor"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *arm\nOld English: earm\nMiddle English: arm\nEnglish: arm\nScots: arm\nOld Frisian: erm\nSaterland Frisian: äärm\nWest Frisian: earm\nOld Saxon: *arm\nMiddle Low German: arm\nGerman Low German: arm\nPlautdietsch: oam, oarm\nOld Dutch: arm\nMiddle Dutch: arm\nDutch: arm\nAfrikaans: arm\nBerbice Creole Dutch: arum\nJersey Dutch: arm\nNegerhollands: aerm\nPetjo: arm\nLimburgish: erm\nOld High German: arm\nMiddle High German: arm\nCimbrian: arm\nGerman: arm\nLuxembourgish: aarm\nPlautdietsch: aarem\nYiddish: אָרעם (orem)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *arm\nOld English: earm\nMiddle English: arm\nEnglish: arm\nScots: arm\nOld Frisian: erm\nSaterland Frisian: äärm\nWest Frisian: earm\nOld Saxon: *arm\nMiddle Low German: arm\nGerman Low German: arm\nPlautdietsch: oam, oarm\nOld Dutch: arm\nMiddle Dutch: arm\nDutch: arm\nAfrikaans: arm\nBerbice Creole Dutch: arum\nJersey Dutch: arm\nNegerhollands: aerm\nPetjo: arm\nLimburgish: erm\nOld High German: arm\nMiddle High German: arm\nCimbrian: arm\nGerman: arm\nLuxembourgish: aarm\nPlautdietsch: aarem\nYiddish: אָרעם (orem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "armr",
"id": "poor"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: armr\nDanish: arm\nFaroese: armur\nIcelandic: armur\nNorwegian Bokmål: arm\nNorwegian Nynorsk: arm\nSwedish: arm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: armr\nDanish: arm\nFaroese: armur\nIcelandic: armur\nNorwegian Bokmål: arm\nNorwegian Nynorsk: arm\nSwedish: arm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*armas",
"3": "*armo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *armas, *armo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *armas, *armo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁erm-",
"4": "",
"5": "poor, ill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm- (“poor, ill”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒅕𒈠𒀭",
"3": "",
"4": "sickness",
"tr": "erman"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒅕𒈠𒀭 (erman, “sickness”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃erbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "haustr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse haustr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm- (“poor, ill”). Cognate with Hittite 𒅕𒈠𒀭 (erman, “sickness”).\nAlternatively, from Pre-Germanic *h₃orbʰmos, with loss of -b- before -m-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-, whence English orphan. Compare the Norse variant aumr, as from *arbmaz with no loss of -b-, which mirrors the dissimilation of Old Norse haustr from *harbistaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "armōzô",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "armōstaz",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "armaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "armô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "arminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "arminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "arminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "arminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "armammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arm"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*armaz",
"10": "*armaimiz",
"11": "*armō",
"12": "*armǭ",
"13": "*armaizōz",
"14": "*armaizōi",
"15": "*armaizō",
"16": "*armôz",
"17": "*armōz",
"18": "*armaizǫ̂",
"19": "*armaimaz",
"2": "*armanǭ",
"20": "*armaimiz",
"21": "*armą, -atō",
"22": "*armą, -atō",
"23": "*armas, -is",
"24": "*armammai",
"25": "*armanō",
"26": "*armō",
"27": "*armō",
"28": "*armaizǫ̂",
"29": "*armaimaz",
"3": "*armas, -is",
"30": "*armaimiz",
"31": "*armô",
"32": "*armanų",
"33": "*arminiz",
"34": "*armini",
"35": "*arminē",
"36": "*armaniz",
"37": "*armanunz",
"38": "*armanǫ̂",
"39": "*armammaz",
"4": "*armammai",
"40": "*armammiz",
"41": "*armǭ",
"42": "*armōnų",
"43": "*armōniz",
"44": "*armōni",
"45": "*armōnē",
"46": "*armōniz",
"47": "*armōnunz",
"48": "*armōnǫ̂",
"49": "*armōmaz",
"5": "*armanō",
"50": "*armōmiz",
"51": "*armô",
"52": "*armô",
"53": "*arminiz",
"54": "*armini",
"55": "*arminē",
"56": "*armōnō",
"57": "*armōnō",
"58": "*armanǫ̂",
"59": "*armammaz",
"6": "*armai",
"60": "*armammiz",
"7": "*armanz",
"8": "*armaizǫ̂",
"9": "*armaimaz",
"title": "*armaz (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armaz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"poor, miserable"
],
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:poor"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pitiful, pitiable"
],
"links": [
[
"pitiful",
"pitiful"
],
[
"pitiable",
"pitiable"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑr.mɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "armaz"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (e79c026 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.