See an in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-",
"4": "*h₂én",
"5": "up, on high"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂én (“up, on high”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂én (“up, on high”), but the exact formation is disputed due to the final vowel in descendants that reflect *ana. According to Kroonen, who derives both *an and *ana from a pre-Germanic *h₂enh̥₂, the final vowel was lost by regular sound change but remained in compound forms, whence it was restored in some of the daughter languages. Alternative explanations for the final vowel include a fossilized suffix *-o/*-ó of uncertain (allative?) function, as in *anda.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/an",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"on, upon"
],
"id": "en-an-gem-pro-prep-cEUrieum",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"on, upon [with dative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 0 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 0 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 10 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"onto"
],
"id": "en-an-gem-pro-prep-pEhTZC5U",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"onto",
"onto"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"onto [with accusative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ana"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "an"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*an",
"3": "*ana"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *an, *ana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *an, *ana"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "an"
},
"expansion": "Old English: an",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "on",
"noalts": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "on\nMiddle English: an, on, one, onne, hon, ane, an (before initial h or vowel), æn (Early Middle English), one, onne, an\nEnglish: on\nScots: an, on\nYola: on",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: an, on\nMiddle English: an, on, one, onne, hon, ane, an (before initial h or vowel), æn (Early Middle English), one, onne, an\nEnglish: on\nScots: an, on\nYola: on"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "on",
"3": "an"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: on, an",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: on, an"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "an",
"3": "oun"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: an, oun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: an, oun"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "oan"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: oan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: oan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ana",
"3": "an"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: ana, an",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: ana, an"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "an"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: an",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: an"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "an"
},
"expansion": "Low German: an",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: an"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ana",
"3": "an",
"4": "in"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: ana, an, in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: ana, an, in"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "āne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: āne, āen, an\nDutch: aan, (unstressed pronunciation spelling) an\nAfrikaans: aan\nJersey Dutch: ân\nNegerhollands: aan, an\nSkepi Creole Dutch: an\nLimburgish: aan",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: āne, āen, an\nDutch: aan, (unstressed pronunciation spelling) an\nAfrikaans: aan\nJersey Dutch: ân\nNegerhollands: aan, an\nSkepi Creole Dutch: an\nLimburgish: aan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ana",
"id": "on"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ana\nMiddle High German: ane, an\nCimbrian: å\nGerman: an\nHunsrik: aan\nLuxembourgish: un\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אָן (on)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ana\nMiddle High German: ane, an\nCimbrian: å\nGerman: an\nHunsrik: aan\nLuxembourgish: un\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אָן (on)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚨᚾ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᚾ (an), ᚨᚾᚨ (ana)\nOld Norse: á\nIcelandic: á\nFaroese: á\nNorwegian Nynorsk: å (dialectal)\nElfdalian: ą̊\nOld Swedish: ā\nSwedish: å, a (dialectal)\nOld Danish: ā\nDanish: å (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᚾ (an), ᚨᚾᚨ (ana)\nOld Norse: á\nIcelandic: á\nFaroese: á\nNorwegian Nynorsk: å (dialectal)\nElfdalian: ą̊\nOld Swedish: ā\nSwedish: å, a (dialectal)\nOld Danish: ā\nDanish: å (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌽𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*ani",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ani",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ani (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-",
"4": "*h₂én",
"5": "up, on high"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂én (“up, on high”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂én (“up, on high”), but the exact formation is disputed due to the final vowel in descendants that reflect *ana. According to Kroonen, who derives both *an and *ana from a pre-Germanic *h₂enh̥₂, the final vowel was lost by regular sound change but remained in compound forms, whence it was restored in some of the daughter languages. Alternative explanations for the final vowel include a fossilized suffix *-o/*-ó of uncertain (allative?) function, as in *anda.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/an",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"on, onto"
],
"id": "en-an-gem-pro-adv-SfFTjxUk",
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"onto",
"onto"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ana"
}
],
"word": "an"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en-"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-",
"4": "*h₂én",
"5": "up, on high"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂én (“up, on high”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂én (“up, on high”), but the exact formation is disputed due to the final vowel in descendants that reflect *ana. According to Kroonen, who derives both *an and *ana from a pre-Germanic *h₂enh̥₂, the final vowel was lost by regular sound change but remained in compound forms, whence it was restored in some of the daughter languages. Alternative explanations for the final vowel include a fossilized suffix *-o/*-ó of uncertain (allative?) function, as in *anda.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/an",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"on, upon"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"on, upon [with dative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"onto"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"onto",
"onto"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"onto [with accusative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ana"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "an"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en-"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*an",
"3": "*ana"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *an, *ana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *an, *ana"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "an"
},
"expansion": "Old English: an",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "on",
"noalts": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "on\nMiddle English: an, on, one, onne, hon, ane, an (before initial h or vowel), æn (Early Middle English), one, onne, an\nEnglish: on\nScots: an, on\nYola: on",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: an, on\nMiddle English: an, on, one, onne, hon, ane, an (before initial h or vowel), æn (Early Middle English), one, onne, an\nEnglish: on\nScots: an, on\nYola: on"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "on",
"3": "an"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: on, an",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: on, an"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "an",
"3": "oun"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: an, oun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: an, oun"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "oan"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: oan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: oan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ana",
"3": "an"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: ana, an",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: ana, an"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "an"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: an",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: an"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "an"
},
"expansion": "Low German: an",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: an"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ana",
"3": "an",
"4": "in"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: ana, an, in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: ana, an, in"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "āne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: āne, āen, an\nDutch: aan, (unstressed pronunciation spelling) an\nAfrikaans: aan\nJersey Dutch: ân\nNegerhollands: aan, an\nSkepi Creole Dutch: an\nLimburgish: aan",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: āne, āen, an\nDutch: aan, (unstressed pronunciation spelling) an\nAfrikaans: aan\nJersey Dutch: ân\nNegerhollands: aan, an\nSkepi Creole Dutch: an\nLimburgish: aan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ana",
"id": "on"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ana\nMiddle High German: ane, an\nCimbrian: å\nGerman: an\nHunsrik: aan\nLuxembourgish: un\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אָן (on)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ana\nMiddle High German: ane, an\nCimbrian: å\nGerman: an\nHunsrik: aan\nLuxembourgish: un\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אָן (on)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚨᚾ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᚾ (an), ᚨᚾᚨ (ana)\nOld Norse: á\nIcelandic: á\nFaroese: á\nNorwegian Nynorsk: å (dialectal)\nElfdalian: ą̊\nOld Swedish: ā\nSwedish: å, a (dialectal)\nOld Danish: ā\nDanish: å (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᚾ (an), ᚨᚾᚨ (ana)\nOld Norse: á\nIcelandic: á\nFaroese: á\nNorwegian Nynorsk: å (dialectal)\nElfdalian: ą̊\nOld Swedish: ā\nSwedish: å, a (dialectal)\nOld Danish: ā\nDanish: å (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌽𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*ani",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ani",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ani (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-",
"4": "*h₂én",
"5": "up, on high"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂én (“up, on high”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂én (“up, on high”), but the exact formation is disputed due to the final vowel in descendants that reflect *ana. According to Kroonen, who derives both *an and *ana from a pre-Germanic *h₂enh̥₂, the final vowel was lost by regular sound change but remained in compound forms, whence it was restored in some of the daughter languages. Alternative explanations for the final vowel include a fossilized suffix *-o/*-ó of uncertain (allative?) function, as in *anda.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/an",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"on, onto"
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"onto",
"onto"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ana"
}
],
"word": "an"
}
Download raw JSONL data for an meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.