See alu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*alu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *alu\nOld English: ealu, alu, ealo\nMiddle English: ale, ail\nEnglish: ale\nGeordie English: yel\nScots: yill, ale, aill, ayll\n⇒ Yola: aalhouse\nOld Saxon: *alu, *alo\n⇒ Old Saxon: alufat, alofat\nOld Dutch: *alu, *alo\nMiddle Dutch: āle\nDutch: aal\n⇒ Middle Dutch: godale, goedale\n→ Old French: godale\nMiddle French: goudale, godaille\nFrench: godaille\nOld High German: *alu, elo\n⇒? Middle High German: alschaf (“drinkware”)\n⇒ Old High German: *alufaz",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *alu\nOld English: ealu, alu, ealo\nMiddle English: ale, ail\nEnglish: ale\nGeordie English: yel\nScots: yill, ale, aill, ayll\n⇒ Yola: aalhouse\nOld Saxon: *alu, *alo\n⇒ Old Saxon: alufat, alofat\nOld Dutch: *alu, *alo\nMiddle Dutch: āle\nDutch: aal\n⇒ Middle Dutch: godale, goedale\n→ Old French: godale\nMiddle French: goudale, godaille\nFrench: godaille\nOld High German: *alu, elo\n⇒? Middle High German: alschaf (“drinkware”)\n⇒ Old High German: *alufaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚨᛚᚢ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᛚᚢ (alu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᛚᚢ (alu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ǫl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: ǫl\nIcelandic: öl\nFaroese: øl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: øl, ol\nOld Swedish: øl\nSwedish: öl\nOld Danish: øl\nDanish: øl\nNorwegian Bokmål: øl, (obsolete) øll\nElfdalian: öl\nOld Gutnish: öl, ööl\nGutnish: öl",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: ǫl\nIcelandic: öl\nFaroese: øl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: øl, ol\nOld Swedish: øl\nSwedish: öl\nOld Danish: øl\nDanish: øl\nNorwegian Bokmål: øl, (obsolete) øll\nElfdalian: öl\nOld Gutnish: öl, ööl\nGutnish: öl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*olut",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *olut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *olut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "õlu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: õlu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: õlu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "olut"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: olut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: olut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "olut"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: olut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: olut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "olut"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: olut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: olut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "vȯl"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: vȯl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: vȯl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "olud"
},
"expansion": "Veps: olud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: olud"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "õlud"
},
"expansion": "Votic: õlud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: õlud"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "alus",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Latvian: alus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Latvian: alus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "ӕлутон",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Ossetian: ӕлутон (æluton)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Ossetian: ӕлутон (æluton)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂elut-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*olъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *olъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "օղի",
"3": "աւղի"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian աւղի (awłi)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *álut, from Pre-Germanic *álud, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *olъ, Old Armenian աւղի (awłi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "alu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "alu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/alu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beer, ale"
],
"id": "en-alu-gem-pro-noun-D8Y5OOp7",
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"ale",
"ale"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beuzą"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑ.lu/"
}
],
"word": "alu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*alu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *alu\nOld English: ealu, alu, ealo\nMiddle English: ale, ail\nEnglish: ale\nGeordie English: yel\nScots: yill, ale, aill, ayll\n⇒ Yola: aalhouse\nOld Saxon: *alu, *alo\n⇒ Old Saxon: alufat, alofat\nOld Dutch: *alu, *alo\nMiddle Dutch: āle\nDutch: aal\n⇒ Middle Dutch: godale, goedale\n→ Old French: godale\nMiddle French: goudale, godaille\nFrench: godaille\nOld High German: *alu, elo\n⇒? Middle High German: alschaf (“drinkware”)\n⇒ Old High German: *alufaz",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *alu\nOld English: ealu, alu, ealo\nMiddle English: ale, ail\nEnglish: ale\nGeordie English: yel\nScots: yill, ale, aill, ayll\n⇒ Yola: aalhouse\nOld Saxon: *alu, *alo\n⇒ Old Saxon: alufat, alofat\nOld Dutch: *alu, *alo\nMiddle Dutch: āle\nDutch: aal\n⇒ Middle Dutch: godale, goedale\n→ Old French: godale\nMiddle French: goudale, godaille\nFrench: godaille\nOld High German: *alu, elo\n⇒? Middle High German: alschaf (“drinkware”)\n⇒ Old High German: *alufaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚨᛚᚢ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᛚᚢ (alu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᛚᚢ (alu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ǫl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: ǫl\nIcelandic: öl\nFaroese: øl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: øl, ol\nOld Swedish: øl\nSwedish: öl\nOld Danish: øl\nDanish: øl\nNorwegian Bokmål: øl, (obsolete) øll\nElfdalian: öl\nOld Gutnish: öl, ööl\nGutnish: öl",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: ǫl\nIcelandic: öl\nFaroese: øl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: øl, ol\nOld Swedish: øl\nSwedish: öl\nOld Danish: øl\nDanish: øl\nNorwegian Bokmål: øl, (obsolete) øll\nElfdalian: öl\nOld Gutnish: öl, ööl\nGutnish: öl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*olut",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *olut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *olut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "õlu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: õlu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: õlu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "olut"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: olut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: olut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "olut"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: olut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: olut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "olut"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: olut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: olut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "vȯl"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: vȯl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: vȯl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "olud"
},
"expansion": "Veps: olud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: olud"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "õlud"
},
"expansion": "Votic: õlud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: õlud"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "alus",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Latvian: alus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Latvian: alus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "ӕлутон",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Ossetian: ӕлутон (æluton)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Ossetian: ӕлутон (æluton)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂elut-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*olъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *olъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "օղի",
"3": "աւղի"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian աւղի (awłi)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *álut, from Pre-Germanic *álud, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *olъ, Old Armenian աւղի (awłi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "alu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "alu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aluþumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/alu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic irregular nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Alcoholic beverages"
],
"glosses": [
"beer, ale"
],
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"ale",
"ale"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑ.lu/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beuzą"
}
],
"word": "alu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for alu meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.