See aitaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*ēt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *ēt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *ēt"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*êet"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: *êet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: *êet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "eet"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: eet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: eet"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "eiz"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: eiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: eiz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "eiz"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: eiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: eiz"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eyd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₂óydos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂óydos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ě̑dъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ě̑dъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ядъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic ядъ (jadŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "jed"
},
"expansion": "Czech jed",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "jad"
},
"expansion": "Polish jad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "яд"
},
"expansion": "Russian яд (jad)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ȉjed"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ȉjed",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "euphemism",
"2": "euphemistic"
},
"expansion": "euphemistic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "For the Slavic, Derksen prefers a derivation from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₁ed-</i> (“to eat”) (which Kroonen also notes as a possibility) involving a euphemistic semantic shift “food” > “poison”.",
"group": "note"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "այտնում",
"3": "",
"4": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian այտնում (aytnum, “to swell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "οἰδέω",
"3": "",
"4": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek οἰδέω (oidéō, “to swell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "aemidus",
"3": "",
"4": "swollen"
},
"expansion": "Latin aemidus (“swollen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "استیم",
"t": "pus",
"tr": "astim"
},
"expansion": "Persian استیم (astim, “pus”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂óydos, whence also possibly Proto-Slavic *ě̑dъ, *jadъ (“poison, malice”) (Old Church Slavonic ядъ (jadŭ), Czech jed, Polish jad, Russian яд (jad), Serbo-Croatian ȉjed, jȁd), from the root *h₂eyd- (“to swell”). Cognate with Old Armenian այտնում (aytnum, “to swell”) (aorist այտեայ (ayteay)), այտ (ayt, “cheek”), Ancient Greek οἰδέω (oidéō, “to swell”), *οἰδί- (*oidí-, “swollen”), Latin aemidus (“swollen”), Persian استیم (astim, “pus”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "aitaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aitōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ait",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aitōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aitą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aitanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aitas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aitǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aitai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aitamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aitō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aitamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ait"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*aitaz",
"10": "aitǫ̂",
"11": "aitamaz",
"12": "aitamiz",
"2": "*ait",
"3": "*aitą",
"4": "*aitas, -is",
"5": "*aitai",
"6": "*aitō",
"7": "aitōz, -ōs",
"8": "aitōz, -ōs",
"9": "aitanz",
"title": "*aitaz (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aitaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aitilaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ulcer"
],
"id": "en-aitaz-gem-pro-noun-9TmIduss",
"links": [
[
"ulcer",
"ulcer"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "aistô"
},
{
"word": "aitrą"
},
{
"word": "aitijǭ"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: āte",
"word": "Middle English: ote"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: āte",
"word": "hote"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: āte",
"word": "oote"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: āte",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"Northern",
"plural"
],
"word": "ateEnglish: oatScots: aitYola: oathès"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "aitaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "aitilaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*ēt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *ēt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *ēt"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*êet"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: *êet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: *êet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "eet"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: eet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: eet"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "eiz"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: eiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: eiz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "eiz"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: eiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: eiz"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eyd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₂óydos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂óydos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ě̑dъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ě̑dъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ядъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic ядъ (jadŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "jed"
},
"expansion": "Czech jed",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "jad"
},
"expansion": "Polish jad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "яд"
},
"expansion": "Russian яд (jad)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ȉjed"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ȉjed",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "euphemism",
"2": "euphemistic"
},
"expansion": "euphemistic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "For the Slavic, Derksen prefers a derivation from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₁ed-</i> (“to eat”) (which Kroonen also notes as a possibility) involving a euphemistic semantic shift “food” > “poison”.",
"group": "note"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "այտնում",
"3": "",
"4": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian այտնում (aytnum, “to swell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "οἰδέω",
"3": "",
"4": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek οἰδέω (oidéō, “to swell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "aemidus",
"3": "",
"4": "swollen"
},
"expansion": "Latin aemidus (“swollen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "استیم",
"t": "pus",
"tr": "astim"
},
"expansion": "Persian استیم (astim, “pus”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂óydos, whence also possibly Proto-Slavic *ě̑dъ, *jadъ (“poison, malice”) (Old Church Slavonic ядъ (jadŭ), Czech jed, Polish jad, Russian яд (jad), Serbo-Croatian ȉjed, jȁd), from the root *h₂eyd- (“to swell”). Cognate with Old Armenian այտնում (aytnum, “to swell”) (aorist այտեայ (ayteay)), այտ (ayt, “cheek”), Ancient Greek οἰδέω (oidéō, “to swell”), *οἰδί- (*oidí-, “swollen”), Latin aemidus (“swollen”), Persian استیم (astim, “pus”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "aitaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aitōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ait",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aitōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aitą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aitanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aitas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aitǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aitai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aitamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aitō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aitamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ait"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*aitaz",
"10": "aitǫ̂",
"11": "aitamaz",
"12": "aitamiz",
"2": "*ait",
"3": "*aitą",
"4": "*aitas, -is",
"5": "*aitai",
"6": "*aitō",
"7": "aitōz, -ōs",
"8": "aitōz, -ōs",
"9": "aitanz",
"title": "*aitaz (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aitaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "aistô"
},
{
"word": "aitrą"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: āte",
"word": "Middle English: ote"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: āte",
"word": "hote"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: āte",
"word": "oote"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: āte",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"Northern",
"plural"
],
"word": "ateEnglish: oatScots: aitYola: oathès"
},
{
"word": "aitijǭ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eyd-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Pathology"
],
"glosses": [
"ulcer"
],
"links": [
[
"ulcer",
"ulcer"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "aitaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for aitaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.