See airuz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*airu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *airu\nOld English: ār\nMiddle English: ore, hore, oore, are, aurre (Northern)\nEnglish: oar\nScots: air",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *airu\nOld English: ār\nMiddle English: ore, hore, oore, are, aurre (Northern)\nEnglish: oar\nScots: air"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "árr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: árr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: árr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "ár"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: ár",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: ár"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*airu-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *airu-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *airu- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ey-",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ey- (“to go”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Orel considers the word a nominal derivative of *airi (“early”), while others derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *ey- (“to go”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "airuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "airiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "airų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/airuz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "airinōną"
},
{
"word": "airundiją"
}
],
"glosses": [
"messenger; herald"
],
"id": "en-airuz-gem-pro-noun-V3kfkKL1",
"links": [
[
"messenger",
"messenger"
],
[
"herald",
"herald"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑi̯.ruz/"
}
],
"word": "airuz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "airinōną"
},
{
"word": "airundiją"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*airu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *airu\nOld English: ār\nMiddle English: ore, hore, oore, are, aurre (Northern)\nEnglish: oar\nScots: air",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *airu\nOld English: ār\nMiddle English: ore, hore, oore, are, aurre (Northern)\nEnglish: oar\nScots: air"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "árr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: árr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: árr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "ár"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: ár",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: ár"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*airu-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *airu-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *airu- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ey-",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ey- (“to go”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Orel considers the word a nominal derivative of *airi (“early”), while others derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *ey- (“to go”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "airuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "airiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "airų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "airū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "airumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/airuz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns",
"gem-pro:Occupations"
],
"glosses": [
"messenger; herald"
],
"links": [
[
"messenger",
"messenger"
],
[
"herald",
"herald"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑi̯.ruz/"
}
],
"word": "airuz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for airuz meaning in Proto-Germanic (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.