See -gin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ġen"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -ġen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -ġen (hwerġen, hwærn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-gin"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -gin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -gin (hwargin, hwergin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-gen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -gen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -gen (irgen, jergen, jerne)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-gin"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -gin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -gin (iowergin, niergen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-gen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -gen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -gen (ergen, nergen)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-gens"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -gens",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -gens (ergens, nergens)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-gin"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -gin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -gin (wergin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-gen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -gen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -gen (irgen)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "irgend"
},
"expansion": "German: irgend",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(German: irgend)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-gi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -gi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -gi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvergi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hvergi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Icelandic: hvergi, manngi, hvorki, hvorugur, einungis, enginn, vettugi, öldungis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hverken"
},
"expansion": "Danish: hverken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Danish: hverken, ingen, ikke, aldrig, ej)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a variant or development of the root found in Proto-Indo-European *kʷos + particle *ne.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-gin",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-hun"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 37 14 4 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 26 26 6 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Attaches to indefinite pronouns, with the suffixed word often being preceded by the particle *ne or *ni."
],
"id": "en--gin-gem-pro-particle-SC9SxpVa",
"links": [
[
"*ne",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ne#English"
],
[
"*ni",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ni#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Attaches to indefinite adverbs, with the suffixed word often being preceded by the particle *ne or *ni."
],
"id": "en--gin-gem-pro-particle-Yi8GpHHr",
"links": [
[
"*ne",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ne#English"
],
[
"*ni",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ni#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣin/"
}
],
"word": "-gin"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic particles",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ġen"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -ġen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -ġen (hwerġen, hwærn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-gin"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -gin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -gin (hwargin, hwergin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-gen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -gen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -gen (irgen, jergen, jerne)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-gin"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -gin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -gin (iowergin, niergen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-gen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -gen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -gen (ergen, nergen)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-gens"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -gens",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -gens (ergens, nergens)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-gin"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -gin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -gin (wergin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-gen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -gen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -gen (irgen)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "irgend"
},
"expansion": "German: irgend",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(German: irgend)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-gi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -gi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -gi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvergi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hvergi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Icelandic: hvergi, manngi, hvorki, hvorugur, einungis, enginn, vettugi, öldungis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hverken"
},
"expansion": "Danish: hverken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Danish: hverken, ingen, ikke, aldrig, ej)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a variant or development of the root found in Proto-Indo-European *kʷos + particle *ne.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-gin",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "-hun"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Attaches to indefinite pronouns, with the suffixed word often being preceded by the particle *ne or *ni."
],
"links": [
[
"*ne",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ne#English"
],
[
"*ni",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ni#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Attaches to indefinite adverbs, with the suffixed word often being preceded by the particle *ne or *ni."
],
"links": [
[
"*ne",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ne#English"
],
[
"*ni",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ni#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣin/"
}
],
"word": "-gin"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -gin meaning in Proto-Germanic (3.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.