See þistilaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þistil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þistil\nOld English: þistel\nMiddle English: thistel, þistel, thystyl, þistil, thestel, thystylle, thystyll, þestel, thistill, þystel, þissle, thystul\nEnglish: thistle\nScots: thrissel\nOld Frisian: *thistel\nSaterland Frisian: Tíesel\nWest Frisian: tister\nOld Saxon: thistil, thīstil\nMiddle Low German: distel, dîstel\nGerman Low German: Diestel, Dießel, Diesel\nOld Dutch: *thistil\nMiddle Dutch: distel\nDutch: distel\nAfrikaans: distel\nOld High German: distil, distila\nMiddle High German: distel\nGerman: Distel\nLuxembourgish: Dëschtel\nVilamovian: döstuł\nPennsylvania German: Dischdel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þistil\nOld English: þistel\nMiddle English: thistel, þistel, thystyl, þistil, thestel, thystylle, thystyll, þestel, thistill, þystel, þissle, thystul\nEnglish: thistle\nScots: thrissel\nOld Frisian: *thistel\nSaterland Frisian: Tíesel\nWest Frisian: tister\nOld Saxon: thistil, thīstil\nMiddle Low German: distel, dîstel\nGerman Low German: Diestel, Dießel, Diesel\nOld Dutch: *thistil\nMiddle Dutch: distel\nDutch: distel\nAfrikaans: distel\nOld High German: distil, distila\nMiddle High German: distel\nGerman: Distel\nLuxembourgish: Dëschtel\nVilamovian: döstuł\nPennsylvania German: Dischdel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þistill"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þistill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þistill"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þistill"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: þistill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: þistill"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "tistil"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: tistil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: tistil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tistel"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: tistel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: tistel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "þistil"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: þistil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: þistil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tistel"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: tistel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: tistel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "thistæl"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: thistæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: thistæl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tidsel"
},
"expansion": "Danish: tidsel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: tidsel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "tissle"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: tissle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: tissle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "tizle"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: tizle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: tizle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ilaz",
"id1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tetḱ-",
"t": "to cut, fashion"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to cut, fashion”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually considered to derive from pre-Germanic *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”), though with superficial mechanical reasoning, with dubious though formally possibly succedent zero-grade *-sd- (“sitting”), having acquired the Germanic suffix *-ilaz. Compare *mistilaz for the formation.\nAlternatively, Orel considers the word to be formed from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to cut, fashion”) + *-elo- (the latter whence *-ilaz).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þistil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þistilaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ilaz (diminutive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thistle"
],
"id": "en-þistilaz-gem-pro-noun-gkz~oFBP",
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "þehslō"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθis.ti.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "þistilaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þistil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þistil\nOld English: þistel\nMiddle English: thistel, þistel, thystyl, þistil, thestel, thystylle, thystyll, þestel, thistill, þystel, þissle, thystul\nEnglish: thistle\nScots: thrissel\nOld Frisian: *thistel\nSaterland Frisian: Tíesel\nWest Frisian: tister\nOld Saxon: thistil, thīstil\nMiddle Low German: distel, dîstel\nGerman Low German: Diestel, Dießel, Diesel\nOld Dutch: *thistil\nMiddle Dutch: distel\nDutch: distel\nAfrikaans: distel\nOld High German: distil, distila\nMiddle High German: distel\nGerman: Distel\nLuxembourgish: Dëschtel\nVilamovian: döstuł\nPennsylvania German: Dischdel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þistil\nOld English: þistel\nMiddle English: thistel, þistel, thystyl, þistil, thestel, thystylle, thystyll, þestel, thistill, þystel, þissle, thystul\nEnglish: thistle\nScots: thrissel\nOld Frisian: *thistel\nSaterland Frisian: Tíesel\nWest Frisian: tister\nOld Saxon: thistil, thīstil\nMiddle Low German: distel, dîstel\nGerman Low German: Diestel, Dießel, Diesel\nOld Dutch: *thistil\nMiddle Dutch: distel\nDutch: distel\nAfrikaans: distel\nOld High German: distil, distila\nMiddle High German: distel\nGerman: Distel\nLuxembourgish: Dëschtel\nVilamovian: döstuł\nPennsylvania German: Dischdel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þistill"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þistill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þistill"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þistill"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: þistill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: þistill"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "tistil"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: tistil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: tistil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tistel"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: tistel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: tistel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "þistil"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: þistil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: þistil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tistel"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: tistel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: tistel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "thistæl"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: thistæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: thistæl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tidsel"
},
"expansion": "Danish: tidsel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: tidsel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "tissle"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: tissle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: tissle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "tizle"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: tizle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: tizle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ilaz",
"id1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tetḱ-",
"t": "to cut, fashion"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to cut, fashion”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually considered to derive from pre-Germanic *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”), though with superficial mechanical reasoning, with dubious though formally possibly succedent zero-grade *-sd- (“sitting”), having acquired the Germanic suffix *-ilaz. Compare *mistilaz for the formation.\nAlternatively, Orel considers the word to be formed from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to cut, fashion”) + *-elo- (the latter whence *-ilaz).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þistil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þistilamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þistilaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "þehslō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ilaz (diminutive)",
"gem-pro:Thistles"
],
"glosses": [
"thistle"
],
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθis.ti.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "þistilaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for þistilaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.