See tuhma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "tuhm"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: tuhm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: tuhm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "tuhma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: tuhma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: tuhma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "došmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: došmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: došmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "tuhma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: tuhma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: tuhma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: tuhma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: tuhma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "tuhmu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: tuhmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: tuhmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "tuhm"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: tuhm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: tuhm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "tuhm"
},
"expansion": "Veps: tuhm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: tuhm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "tuhm'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: tuhm'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: tuhm'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "tuhmõ"
},
"expansion": "Votic: tuhmõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: tuhmõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "tühm<q:dialectal>"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: (dialectal) tühm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: (dialectal) tühm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "tyhmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: tyhmä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: tyhmä"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "diihmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: diihmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: diihmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: tyhmä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "tühmäk",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ludian: tühmäk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ludian: tühmäk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*tosmē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *tosmē",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*tušma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *tušma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "дыш"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian дыш (dyš)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dusmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dusmaz",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "dosmer"
},
"expansion": "Danish dosmer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "dosmar"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk dosmar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *tušma (whence also Proto-Samic *tosmē), possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *tušma (whence Komi-Zyrian дыш (dyš)). Alternatively, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *dusmaz (whence Danish dosmer, Norwegian Nynorsk dosmar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuhma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tuhma",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stupid, foolish"
],
"id": "en-tuhma-urj-fin-pro-adj-Mo2yD9QD",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*lolli"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tuhma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "tuhm"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: tuhm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: tuhm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "tuhma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: tuhma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: tuhma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "došmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: došmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: došmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "tuhma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: tuhma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: tuhma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: tuhma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: tuhma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "tuhmu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: tuhmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: tuhmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "tuhm"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: tuhm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: tuhm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "tuhm"
},
"expansion": "Veps: tuhm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: tuhm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "tuhm'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: tuhm'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: tuhm'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "tuhmõ"
},
"expansion": "Votic: tuhmõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: tuhmõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "tühm<q:dialectal>"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: (dialectal) tühm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: (dialectal) tühm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "tyhmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: tyhmä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: tyhmä"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "diihmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: diihmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: diihmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: tyhmä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "tühmäk",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ludian: tühmäk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ludian: tühmäk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*tosmē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *tosmē",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*tušma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *tušma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "дыш"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian дыш (dyš)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dusmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dusmaz",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "dosmer"
},
"expansion": "Danish dosmer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "dosmar"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk dosmar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *tušma (whence also Proto-Samic *tosmē), possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *tušma (whence Komi-Zyrian дыш (dyš)). Alternatively, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *dusmaz (whence Danish dosmer, Norwegian Nynorsk dosmar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuhmëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuhma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tuhma",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic adjectives",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic"
],
"glosses": [
"stupid, foolish"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*lolli"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tuhma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tuhma meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.