See talvi in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "talv"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: talv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: talv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "talvi"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: talvi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: talvi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "talvi"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: talvi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: talvi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: talvi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: talvi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "tǭla"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: tǭla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: tǭla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "talvi"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: talvi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: talvi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "tal'v"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: tal'v",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: tal'v"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "tal'v"
},
"expansion": "Veps: tal'v",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: tal'v"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "talv'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: talv'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: talv'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "talvi"
},
"expansion": "Votic: talvi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: talvi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*tälwä",
"4": "",
"5": "winter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *tälwä (“winter”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *tälwä (“winter”), akin to e.g. Proto-Samic *tālvē, Hungarian tél. The stem type shift *ä-ä > *a-i is attested in several other words as well (e.g. *sappi (“gall”), *sarni (“ash tree”)), and Zhivlov (2014) proposes that it might be in fact regular.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "talvi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëdën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëssa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvësta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëlla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëlta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëlën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëlëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "talviksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "talvën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvënëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëtta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "talvë"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/talvi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/e",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"id": "en-talvi-urj-fin-pro-noun-MMVGH8J7",
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "talvi"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "talv"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: talv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: talv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "talvi"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: talvi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: talvi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "talvi"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: talvi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: talvi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: talvi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: talvi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "tǭla"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: tǭla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: tǭla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "talvi"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: talvi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: talvi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "tal'v"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: tal'v",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: tal'v"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "tal'v"
},
"expansion": "Veps: tal'v",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: tal'v"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "talv'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: talv'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: talv'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "talvi"
},
"expansion": "Votic: talvi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: talvi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*tälwä",
"4": "",
"5": "winter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *tälwä (“winter”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *tälwä (“winter”), akin to e.g. Proto-Samic *tālvē, Hungarian tél. The stem type shift *ä-ä > *a-i is attested in several other words as well (e.g. *sappi (“gall”), *sarni (“ash tree”)), and Zhivlov (2014) proposes that it might be in fact regular.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "talvi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëdën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëssa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvësta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëlla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëlta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëlën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëlëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "talviksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "talvën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvënëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "talvëtta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "talvitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "talvë"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/talvi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/e",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"urj-fin-pro:Seasons"
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "talvi"
}
Download raw JSONL data for talvi meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.