See surma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "surm"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: surm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: surm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "surm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Livonian: surm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Livonian: surm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "surma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: surma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: surma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "surma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: surma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: surma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: šurma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: šurma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "surmu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: surmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: surmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "surm"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: surm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: surm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "surm"
},
"expansion": "Veps: surm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: surm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "surm"
},
"expansion": "Võro: surm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: surm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "surmõ"
},
"expansion": "Votic: surmõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: surmõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*sormē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *sormē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *sormē (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*śurma",
"4": "",
"5": "death"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *śurma (“death”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kca-eas",
"tr": "sŏrəm"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Khanty [script needed] (sŏrəm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*surdak",
"3": "*ma",
"id2": "action"
},
"expansion": "*surdak + *-ma",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *śurma (“death”) (whence also Eastern Khanty [script needed] (sŏrəm)), equivalent to *surdak + *-ma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "surma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "surman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "surma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/surma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-ma (action)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"death"
],
"id": "en-surma-urj-fin-pro-noun-UsjgKYfM",
"links": [
[
"death",
"death"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*koolëma"
},
{
"word": "*tooni"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "surma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "surm"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: surm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: surm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "surm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Livonian: surm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Livonian: surm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "surma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: surma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: surma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "surma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: surma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: surma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: šurma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: šurma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "surmu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: surmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: surmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "surm"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: surm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: surm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "surm"
},
"expansion": "Veps: surm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: surm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "surm"
},
"expansion": "Võro: surm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: surm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "surmõ"
},
"expansion": "Votic: surmõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: surmõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*sormē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *sormē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *sormē (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*śurma",
"4": "",
"5": "death"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *śurma (“death”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kca-eas",
"tr": "sŏrəm"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Khanty [script needed] (sŏrəm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*surdak",
"3": "*ma",
"id2": "action"
},
"expansion": "*surdak + *-ma",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *śurma (“death”) (whence also Eastern Khanty [script needed] (sŏrəm)), equivalent to *surdak + *-ma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "surma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "surman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "surma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/surma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-ma (action)",
"Requests for native script for Eastern Khanty terms",
"urj-fin-pro:Death"
],
"glosses": [
"death"
],
"links": [
[
"death",
"death"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*koolëma"
},
{
"word": "*tooni"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "surma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for surma meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.