See soomi in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "soomalainën" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "et", "2": "soome", "3": "Soome" }, "expansion": "Estonian: soome, Soome", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Estonian: soome, Soome" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "suomi", "3": "Suomi" }, "expansion": "Finnish: suomi, Suomi", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Finnish: suomi, Suomi (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "izh", "2": "soomi", "3": "Soomi" }, "expansion": "Ingrian: soomi, Soomi", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Ingrian: soomi, Soomi" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "krl", "2": "šuomi", "3": "Šuomi" }, "expansion": "Karelian: šuomi, Šuomi", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Karelian: šuomi, Šuomi" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "liv", "2": "sūom" }, "expansion": "Livonian: sūom", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Livonian: sūom" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "olo", "2": "suomi", "3": "Suomi" }, "expansion": "Livvi: suomi, Suomi", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Livvi: suomi, Suomi" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vep", "2": "suomi" }, "expansion": "Veps: suomi", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Veps: suomi" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vro", "2": "Soomõ" }, "expansion": "Võro: Soomõ", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Võro: Soomõ" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vot", "2": "soomi", "3": "Soomi" }, "expansion": "Votic: soomi, Soomi", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Votic: soomi, Soomi" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ltg", "2": "suomeja", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Latgalian: suomeja", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Latgalian: suomeja" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sgs", "2": "Soumėjė", "3": "Suomėjė", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Samogitian: Soumėjė, Suomėjė", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Samogitian: Soumėjė, Suomėjė" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "smi-pro", "2": "*sāmē" }, "expansion": "Proto-Samic *sāmē", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "nocap": "1" }, "expansion": "uncertain", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "bat", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Baltic", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "*źemē", "3": "", "4": "ground" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē (“ground”)", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*dʰéǵʰōm" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*dʰéǵʰōm" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "*źemē", "3": "", "4": "ground" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē (“ground”)", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "*hämä" }, "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *hämä", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "smi-pro", "2": "*sāmē" }, "expansion": "Proto-Samic *sāmē", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "", "3": "*šāma-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *šāma-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "sāms", "t": "Finn, Öselian (inhabitant of Saaremaa)" }, "expansion": "Latvian sāms (“Finn, Öselian (inhabitant of Saaremaa)”)", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "sāmenis", "t": "northern wind" }, "expansion": "Latvian sāmenis (“northern wind”)", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "sómenis", "t": "northwestern wind" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian sómenis (“northwestern wind”)", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "*sooma" }, "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *sooma", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "", "3": "*šāma-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *šāma-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*ǵʰmṓ" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "", "3": "*ǵʰom-yā-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ǵʰom-yā-", "name": "ncog" } ], "etymology_text": "From earlier *sämä; cognate with Proto-Samic *sāmē. Further etymology uncertain. Several theories have been proposed (mostly incompatible with the currently accepted proto-form *sämä), but none have been accepted.\nOne theory, proposed by Koivulehto among others, stated that the word originated from Baltic *šāma-, via Pre-Proto-Finnic *šämä from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē (“ground”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm; the vowel correspondences being explained by reborrowing back and forth, possibly with a late Proto-Germanic borrowing. The progress would have roughly been Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm > Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē (“ground”) → Pre-Proto-Finnic *šämä (> Proto-Finnic *hämä, Proto-Samic *sāmē) → Proto-Balto-Slavic *šāma- (or *sāma-, in view of Latvian sāms (“Finn, Öselian (inhabitant of Saaremaa)”), Latvian sāmenis (“northern wind”) and dialectal Lithuanian sómenis (“northwestern wind”), unless the Lithuanian word is a borrowing from Latvian) → (through Proto-Germanic?) Proto-Finnic *sooma. Koivulehto originally proposed that Proto-Balto-Slavic *šāma- would have been borrowed through Proto-Samic specifically. However, this theory assumes an improbable back-and-forth chain of borrowings, relying on too many unconfirmed assumptions, and thus has to be rejected (especially in light of current information).\nAnother theory proposed an origin from an earlier supposed *ćoma (“human”), either borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ or from pre-Proto-Balto-Slavic *ǵʰom-yā-. With the new information that the earlier form is actually *sämä, these too have to be rejected.\nAntique ad-hoc proposals that the word is derived from *soo-maa (literally “fen land”) or *soo-neemi (literally “fen cape”), or from *soomu (“(fish) scale”) have long been considered untenable.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "urj-fin-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "soomi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomët", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomët", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soondën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomidën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soonta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomida", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëssa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomëhna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomissa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomihna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomësta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomista", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëhën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomihën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëlla", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomilla", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëlta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomilta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëlën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomëlëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomilën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomilëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomina", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëksi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "soomiksi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "soomën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomënëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soominëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëtta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomitta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "soomë" }, "name": "urj-fin-decl" } ], "lang": "Proto-Finnic", "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/soomi", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "96 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 5 90 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "97 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "94 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vme", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "person from Southwest Finland" ], "id": "en-soomi-urj-fin-pro-noun-prXxtiVY", "links": [ [ "Southwest Finland", "Southwest Finland" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] }, { "glosses": [ "? Finn in general" ], "id": "en-soomi-urj-fin-pro-noun-XV5MW9Lx", "links": [ [ "Finn", "Finn" ] ], "qualifier": "later", "raw_glosses": [ "(later) ? Finn in general" ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "english": "based on the derived term", "tags": [ "possibly" ], "word": "sooma" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Jorma Koivulehto" ], "word": "soomi" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Finnic lemmas", "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vme", "Proto-Finnic nouns", "Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies" ], "derived": [ { "word": "soomalainën" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "et", "2": "soome", "3": "Soome" }, "expansion": "Estonian: soome, Soome", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Estonian: soome, Soome" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "suomi", "3": "Suomi" }, "expansion": "Finnish: suomi, Suomi", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Finnish: suomi, Suomi (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "izh", "2": "soomi", "3": "Soomi" }, "expansion": "Ingrian: soomi, Soomi", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Ingrian: soomi, Soomi" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "krl", "2": "šuomi", "3": "Šuomi" }, "expansion": "Karelian: šuomi, Šuomi", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Karelian: šuomi, Šuomi" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "liv", "2": "sūom" }, "expansion": "Livonian: sūom", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Livonian: sūom" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "olo", "2": "suomi", "3": "Suomi" }, "expansion": "Livvi: suomi, Suomi", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Livvi: suomi, Suomi" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vep", "2": "suomi" }, "expansion": "Veps: suomi", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Veps: suomi" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vro", "2": "Soomõ" }, "expansion": "Võro: Soomõ", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Võro: Soomõ" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vot", "2": "soomi", "3": "Soomi" }, "expansion": "Votic: soomi, Soomi", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Votic: soomi, Soomi" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ltg", "2": "suomeja", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Latgalian: suomeja", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Latgalian: suomeja" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sgs", "2": "Soumėjė", "3": "Suomėjė", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Samogitian: Soumėjė, Suomėjė", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Samogitian: Soumėjė, Suomėjė" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "smi-pro", "2": "*sāmē" }, "expansion": "Proto-Samic *sāmē", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "nocap": "1" }, "expansion": "uncertain", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "bat", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Baltic", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "*źemē", "3": "", "4": "ground" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē (“ground”)", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*dʰéǵʰōm" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*dʰéǵʰōm" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "*źemē", "3": "", "4": "ground" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē (“ground”)", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "*hämä" }, "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *hämä", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "smi-pro", "2": "*sāmē" }, "expansion": "Proto-Samic *sāmē", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "", "3": "*šāma-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *šāma-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "sāms", "t": "Finn, Öselian (inhabitant of Saaremaa)" }, "expansion": "Latvian sāms (“Finn, Öselian (inhabitant of Saaremaa)”)", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "sāmenis", "t": "northern wind" }, "expansion": "Latvian sāmenis (“northern wind”)", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "sómenis", "t": "northwestern wind" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian sómenis (“northwestern wind”)", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "*sooma" }, "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *sooma", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "", "3": "*šāma-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *šāma-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*ǵʰmṓ" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "", "3": "*ǵʰom-yā-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ǵʰom-yā-", "name": "ncog" } ], "etymology_text": "From earlier *sämä; cognate with Proto-Samic *sāmē. Further etymology uncertain. Several theories have been proposed (mostly incompatible with the currently accepted proto-form *sämä), but none have been accepted.\nOne theory, proposed by Koivulehto among others, stated that the word originated from Baltic *šāma-, via Pre-Proto-Finnic *šämä from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē (“ground”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm; the vowel correspondences being explained by reborrowing back and forth, possibly with a late Proto-Germanic borrowing. The progress would have roughly been Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm > Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē (“ground”) → Pre-Proto-Finnic *šämä (> Proto-Finnic *hämä, Proto-Samic *sāmē) → Proto-Balto-Slavic *šāma- (or *sāma-, in view of Latvian sāms (“Finn, Öselian (inhabitant of Saaremaa)”), Latvian sāmenis (“northern wind”) and dialectal Lithuanian sómenis (“northwestern wind”), unless the Lithuanian word is a borrowing from Latvian) → (through Proto-Germanic?) Proto-Finnic *sooma. Koivulehto originally proposed that Proto-Balto-Slavic *šāma- would have been borrowed through Proto-Samic specifically. However, this theory assumes an improbable back-and-forth chain of borrowings, relying on too many unconfirmed assumptions, and thus has to be rejected (especially in light of current information).\nAnother theory proposed an origin from an earlier supposed *ćoma (“human”), either borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ or from pre-Proto-Balto-Slavic *ǵʰom-yā-. With the new information that the earlier form is actually *sämä, these too have to be rejected.\nAntique ad-hoc proposals that the word is derived from *soo-maa (literally “fen land”) or *soo-neemi (literally “fen cape”), or from *soomu (“(fish) scale”) have long been considered untenable.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "urj-fin-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "soomi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomët", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomët", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soondën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomidën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soonta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomida", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëssa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomëhna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomissa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomihna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomësta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomista", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëhën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomihën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëlla", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomilla", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëlta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomilta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëlën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomëlëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomilën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomilëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomina", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëksi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "soomiksi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "soomën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomënëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soominëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "soomëtta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "soomitta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "soomë" }, "name": "urj-fin-decl" } ], "lang": "Proto-Finnic", "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/soomi", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "person from Southwest Finland" ], "links": [ [ "Southwest Finland", "Southwest Finland" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] }, { "glosses": [ "? Finn in general" ], "links": [ [ "Finn", "Finn" ] ], "qualifier": "later", "raw_glosses": [ "(later) ? Finn in general" ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "english": "based on the derived term", "tags": [ "possibly" ], "word": "sooma" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Jorma Koivulehto" ], "word": "soomi" }
Download raw JSONL data for soomi meaning in Proto-Finnic (9.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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