See pohja in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pohjainën"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pohjimainën"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "põhi"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: põhi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: põhi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "pohja"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: pohja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: pohja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "pohja"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: pohja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: pohja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "pohja"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: pohja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: pohja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "pūoj"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: pūoj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: pūoj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "pohju"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: pohju",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: pohju"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "pohd'"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: pohd'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: pohd'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "pohj"
},
"expansion": "Veps: pohj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: pohj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "põhi",
"3": "põh'a",
"t": "base, foundation, bottom, north",
"t2": "base, foundation, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Võro: põhi (“base, foundation, bottom, north”), põh'a (“base, foundation, bottom”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: põhi (“base, foundation, bottom, north”), põh'a (“base, foundation, bottom”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "põhjõ"
},
"expansion": "Votic: põhjõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: põhjõ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*poaššō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *poaššō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(H)posčaH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)posčaH",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bansijaz",
"3": "",
"4": "haystack"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bansijaz (“haystack”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Akin to Proto-Samic *poaššō, but this is probably borrowed from earlier Finnic. The word has been proposed to be a borrowing from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)posčaH (later *pasčā), but this is rejected by Holopainen (2019). Several proposals for Germanic loan origin have also been advanced, including derivation from Proto-Germanic *bansijaz (“haystack”), but these are likewise considered unlikely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pohja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pohja"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/pohja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bottom"
],
"id": "en-pohja-urj-fin-pro-noun-vpt2B-Bw",
"links": [
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 48 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 78 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 93 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"base, foundation"
],
"id": "en-pohja-urj-fin-pro-noun-V2TVwWNJ",
"links": [
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"north"
],
"id": "en-pohja-urj-fin-pro-noun-3DZeedQc",
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pohja"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies",
"urj-fin-pro:Compass points"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pohjainën"
},
{
"word": "pohjimainën"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "põhi"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: põhi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: põhi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "pohja"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: pohja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: pohja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "pohja"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: pohja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: pohja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "pohja"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: pohja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: pohja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "pūoj"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: pūoj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: pūoj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "pohju"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: pohju",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: pohju"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "pohd'"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: pohd'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: pohd'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "pohj"
},
"expansion": "Veps: pohj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: pohj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "põhi",
"3": "põh'a",
"t": "base, foundation, bottom, north",
"t2": "base, foundation, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Võro: põhi (“base, foundation, bottom, north”), põh'a (“base, foundation, bottom”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: põhi (“base, foundation, bottom, north”), põh'a (“base, foundation, bottom”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "põhjõ"
},
"expansion": "Votic: põhjõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: põhjõ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*poaššō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *poaššō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(H)posčaH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)posčaH",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bansijaz",
"3": "",
"4": "haystack"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bansijaz (“haystack”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Akin to Proto-Samic *poaššō, but this is probably borrowed from earlier Finnic. The word has been proposed to be a borrowing from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)posčaH (later *pasčā), but this is rejected by Holopainen (2019). Several proposals for Germanic loan origin have also been advanced, including derivation from Proto-Germanic *bansijaz (“haystack”), but these are likewise considered unlikely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pohja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pohjëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pohja"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/pohja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bottom"
],
"links": [
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"base, foundation"
],
"links": [
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"north"
],
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pohja"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pohja meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.