See perä in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pereh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "peridäk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "persek"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "pära"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: pära",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: pära"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: perä"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "pierā<q:Courland>",
"3": "piera<q:Salaca>"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: (Courland) pierā, (Salaca) piera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: (Courland) pierā, (Salaca) piera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "pera"
},
"expansion": "Veps: pera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: pera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Võro: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: perä"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*perä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *perä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "пря",
"3": "",
"4": "head"
},
"expansion": "Erzya пря (pŕa, “head”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "*bär"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Permic *bär",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *perä. Cognates include Erzya пря (pŕa, “head”) and Proto-Permic *bär.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peräden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pereiden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perädä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereidä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perässä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perähnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereissä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pereihnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perästä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereistä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perähen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereihen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perällä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereillä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perältä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereiltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perälen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perälek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereilen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pereilek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peränä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereinä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peräksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "pereiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perein",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peränek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereinek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perättä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereittä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perä"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/perä",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rear, back"
],
"id": "en-perä-urj-fin-pro-noun-ILB4pFDU",
"links": [
[
"rear",
"rear"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"far end"
],
"id": "en-perä-urj-fin-pro-noun-teazWSbz",
"links": [
[
"far",
"far"
],
[
"end",
"end"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "perä"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pereh"
},
{
"word": "peridäk"
},
{
"word": "persek"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "pära"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: pära",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: pära"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: perä"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "pierā<q:Courland>",
"3": "piera<q:Salaca>"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: (Courland) pierā, (Salaca) piera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: (Courland) pierā, (Salaca) piera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "pera"
},
"expansion": "Veps: pera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: pera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Võro: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: perä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "perä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: perä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: perä"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*perä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *perä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "пря",
"3": "",
"4": "head"
},
"expansion": "Erzya пря (pŕa, “head”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "*bär"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Permic *bär",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *perä. Cognates include Erzya пря (pŕa, “head”) and Proto-Permic *bär.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peräden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pereiden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perädä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereidä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perässä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perähnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereissä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pereihnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perästä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereistä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perähen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereihen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perällä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereillä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perältä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereiltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perälen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perälek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereilen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pereilek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peränä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereinä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peräksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "pereiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perein",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peränek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereinek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perättä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereittä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perä"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/perä",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rear, back"
],
"links": [
[
"rear",
"rear"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"far end"
],
"links": [
[
"far",
"far"
],
[
"end",
"end"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "perä"
}
Download raw JSONL data for perä meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.