See parma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "parm"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: parm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: parm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "paarma",
"3": "parma<q:dialectal>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: paarma, (dialectal) parma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: paarma, (dialectal) parma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "paarma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: paarma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: paarma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: puarma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: puarma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "puarmu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: puarmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: puarmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "puarm"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: puarm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: puarm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "parm"
},
"expansion": "Veps: parm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: parm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "parm"
},
"expansion": "Võro: parm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: parm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "paarmõ",
"q1": "Jõgõperä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) paarmõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) paarmõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "paarmas"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: paarmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: paarmas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "pārmaz"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: pārmaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: pārmaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "paarmõz"
},
"expansion": "Votic: paarmõz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: paarmõz"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*parma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *parma",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Permic *parma, probably of onomatopoeic origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "parma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "parman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "parma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/parma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horsefly, gadfly (fly of the family Tabanidae)"
],
"id": "en-parma-urj-fin-pro-noun-2j2FvoP9",
"links": [
[
"horsefly",
"horsefly"
],
[
"gadfly",
"gadfly"
],
[
"Tabanidae",
"Tabanidae#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "parma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "parm"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: parm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: parm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "paarma",
"3": "parma<q:dialectal>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: paarma, (dialectal) parma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: paarma, (dialectal) parma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "paarma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: paarma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: paarma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: puarma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: puarma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "puarmu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: puarmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: puarmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "puarm"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: puarm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: puarm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "parm"
},
"expansion": "Veps: parm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: parm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "parm"
},
"expansion": "Võro: parm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: parm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "paarmõ",
"q1": "Jõgõperä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) paarmõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) paarmõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "paarmas"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: paarmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: paarmas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "pārmaz"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: pārmaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: pārmaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "paarmõz"
},
"expansion": "Votic: paarmõz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: paarmõz"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*parma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *parma",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Permic *parma, probably of onomatopoeic origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "parma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "parman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmoitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "parma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/parma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"urj-fin-pro:Insects"
],
"glosses": [
"horsefly, gadfly (fly of the family Tabanidae)"
],
"links": [
[
"horsefly",
"horsefly"
],
[
"gadfly",
"gadfly"
],
[
"Tabanidae",
"Tabanidae#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "parma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for parma meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (169bf93 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.