See laiva in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "laev"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: laev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: laev"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: laiva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: laiva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ла́йба",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ла́йба (lájba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ла́йба (lájba)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "łajba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: łajba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: łajba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: laiva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: laiva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: laiva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: laiva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "lōja",
"alt": "lǭja"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: lǭja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: lǭja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "laivu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: laivu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: laivu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "laiv"
},
"expansion": "Veps: laiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: laiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "laiv"
},
"expansion": "Võro: laiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: laiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "laivõ"
},
"expansion": "Votic: laivõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: laivõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "láivi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: láivi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: láivi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Baltic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: laiva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: laiva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: laiva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: laiva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "laivas",
"alt": "laĩvas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: laĩvas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: laĩvas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "ławe"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian: ławe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sudovian: ławe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*flawją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flawją",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Latvian laiva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "laivas",
"3": "laĩvas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian laĩvas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By metathesis from earlier *lawja, in turn borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flawją. Baltic origin has been proposed as well (compare Latvian laiva, Lithuanian laĩvas), but these lack a convincing Indo-European etymology and have been rather considered loans from Finnic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "laiva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "laivan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*laiva",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "laiva"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/laiva",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ship"
],
"id": "en-laiva-urj-fin-pro-noun-5dW5cROe",
"links": [
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "veneh"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "laiva"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "laev"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: laev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: laev"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: laiva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: laiva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ла́йба",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ла́йба (lájba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ла́йба (lájba)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "łajba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: łajba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: łajba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: laiva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: laiva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: laiva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: laiva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "lōja",
"alt": "lǭja"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: lǭja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: lǭja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "laivu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: laivu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: laivu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "laiv"
},
"expansion": "Veps: laiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: laiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "laiv"
},
"expansion": "Võro: laiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: laiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "laivõ"
},
"expansion": "Votic: laivõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: laivõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "láivi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: láivi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: láivi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Baltic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: laiva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: laiva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: laiva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: laiva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "laivas",
"alt": "laĩvas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: laĩvas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: laĩvas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "ławe"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian: ławe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sudovian: ławe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*flawją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flawją",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "laiva"
},
"expansion": "Latvian laiva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "laivas",
"3": "laĩvas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian laĩvas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By metathesis from earlier *lawja, in turn borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flawją. Baltic origin has been proposed as well (compare Latvian laiva, Lithuanian laĩvas), but these lack a convincing Indo-European etymology and have been rather considered loans from Finnic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "laiva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "laivan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laivatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laivoitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*laiva",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "laiva"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/laiva",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "veneh"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"urj-fin-pro:Watercraft"
],
"glosses": [
"ship"
],
"links": [
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "laiva"
}
Download raw JSONL data for laiva meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.