See kupu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kubu",
"q": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: (dialectal) kubu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: (dialectal) kubu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kupu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kupu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kupu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: kupu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kubu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kubu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kubu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kubu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kubu"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: kubu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: kubu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kubu"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kubu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kubu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "kubo"
},
"expansion": "Võro: kubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: kubo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "skohpalas",
"3": "",
"4": "blister"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami skohpalas (“blister”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hūbǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hūbǭ",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly related to Northern Sami skohpalas (“blister”), or possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hūbǭ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kupu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupudën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubulla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubulta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupulën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupulëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupunëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubutta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kupu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kupu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crop, craw (part of birds' digestive tract)"
],
"id": "en-kupu-urj-fin-pro-noun-W9maVVzi",
"links": [
[
"crop",
"crop"
],
[
"craw",
"craw"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kupu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kubu",
"q": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: (dialectal) kubu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: (dialectal) kubu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kupu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kupu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kupu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: kupu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kubu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kubu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kubu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kubu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kubu"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: kubu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: kubu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kubu"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kubu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kubu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "kubo"
},
"expansion": "Võro: kubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: kubo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "skohpalas",
"3": "",
"4": "blister"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami skohpalas (“blister”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hūbǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hūbǭ",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly related to Northern Sami skohpalas (“blister”), or possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hūbǭ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kupu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupudën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubulla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubulta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupulën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupulëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupunëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupuinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kubutta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubuitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kupu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kupu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"crop, craw (part of birds' digestive tract)"
],
"links": [
[
"crop",
"crop"
],
[
"craw",
"craw"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kupu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kupu meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.