See kova in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kova meaning in Proto-Finnic (4.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kõva"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kõva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kõva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kova"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: kova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: kova"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: kova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: kova"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kõvā"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: kõvā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: kõvā"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: kova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: kova"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kova"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "kõva"
},
"expansion": "Võro: kõva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: kõva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "kõva"
},
"expansion": "Votic: kõva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: kõva"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kova"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kova",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (not soft)"
],
"id": "en-kova-urj-fin-pro-adj-toxQ6Sct",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kova"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kõva"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kõva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kõva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kova"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: kova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: kova"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: kova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: kova"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kõvā"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: kõvā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: kõvā"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: kova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: kova"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kova"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "kõva"
},
"expansion": "Võro: kõva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: kõva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "kõva"
},
"expansion": "Votic: kõva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: kõva"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kova"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kova",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Finnic adjectives",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"hard (not soft)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kova"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.