See kaski in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for kaski meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kask",
"t": "birch"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kask (“birch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kask (“birch”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaski"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kaski",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kaski"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kaski"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: kaski",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: kaski"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "kaški"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: kaški",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: kaški"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ludian kašk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kask"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kask",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kask"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "kahtši",
"t": "birch"
},
"expansion": "Votic: kahtši (“birch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: kahtši (“birch”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*askǭ",
"3": "",
"4": "ashes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *askǭ (“ashes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "կեչի",
"3": "",
"4": "birch"
},
"expansion": "Armenian կեչի (kečʻi, “birch”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proposed to derive from a derivative of the Indo-European root *h₂eHs- (“to burn”) similar to Proto-Germanic *askǭ (“ashes”).\nThe Estonian and Votic reflexes show a shift to a meaning 'birch', for which a likely intermediate is reflected in a dialectal Finnish meaning (Southwestern and Far Northern) 'young birch, birch shoots'. These have been earlier compared with the Permic words for 'birch' (Komi кыдз (kydź), Udmurt кызьпу (kyźpu), from Proto-Uralic *kuće), but this has several phonetic difficulties.\nHas also been compared to Armenian կեչի (kečʻi, “birch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kaski",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëdën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëssa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskësta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëlla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëlta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëlën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëlëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskënëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëtta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaskë"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaski",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"swidden, slash-and-burned land"
],
"id": "en-kaski-urj-fin-pro-noun-rahDKKAD",
"links": [
[
"swidden",
"swidden"
],
[
"slash-and-burn",
"slash-and-burn"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/e",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"copse, especially raised for burning"
],
"id": "en-kaski-urj-fin-pro-noun-UbfU9AnQ",
"links": [
[
"copse",
"copse"
],
[
"burning",
"burning"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kaski"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/e",
"Proto-Finnic nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kask",
"t": "birch"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kask (“birch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kask (“birch”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaski"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kaski",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kaski"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kaski"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: kaski",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: kaski"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "kaški"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: kaški",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: kaški"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ludian kašk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kask"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kask",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kask"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "kahtši",
"t": "birch"
},
"expansion": "Votic: kahtši (“birch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: kahtši (“birch”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*askǭ",
"3": "",
"4": "ashes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *askǭ (“ashes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "կեչի",
"3": "",
"4": "birch"
},
"expansion": "Armenian կեչի (kečʻi, “birch”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proposed to derive from a derivative of the Indo-European root *h₂eHs- (“to burn”) similar to Proto-Germanic *askǭ (“ashes”).\nThe Estonian and Votic reflexes show a shift to a meaning 'birch', for which a likely intermediate is reflected in a dialectal Finnish meaning (Southwestern and Far Northern) 'young birch, birch shoots'. These have been earlier compared with the Permic words for 'birch' (Komi кыдз (kydź), Udmurt кызьпу (kyźpu), from Proto-Uralic *kuće), but this has several phonetic difficulties.\nHas also been compared to Armenian կեչի (kečʻi, “birch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kaski",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëdën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëssa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskësta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëlla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëlta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëlën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëlëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskënëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskëtta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaskitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaskë"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaski",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"swidden, slash-and-burned land"
],
"links": [
[
"swidden",
"swidden"
],
[
"slash-and-burn",
"slash-and-burn"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"copse, especially raised for burning"
],
"links": [
[
"copse",
"copse"
],
[
"burning",
"burning"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kaski"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-01 using wiktextract (c690d5d and b5d1315). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.