See joulu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for joulu meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "jõulud",
"3": "jõul",
"g": "p",
"q2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: jõulud pl, (dialectal) jõul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: jõulud pl, (dialectal) jõul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "joulu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: joulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: joulu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "joulu"
},
"expansion": "joulu",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "North Karelian: joulu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "joulu"
},
"expansion": "joulu",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "South Karelian: joulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "Joulu"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: Joulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: Joulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "joul"
},
"expansion": "Võro: joul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: joul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "jõulu"
},
"expansion": "Votic: jõulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: jõulu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "*ᛃᛖᚢᛚᚢ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse *ᛃᛖᚢᛚᚢ (*jeulu)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*jehwlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *jehwlą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*juhla"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of *juhla",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Proto-Norse *ᛃᛖᚢᛚᚢ (*jeulu), from Proto-Germanic *jehwlą, with a substitution *je- → *jo-, as Proto-Finnic didn't allow word-initial *je-. Doublet of *juhla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "joulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joulut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joulut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouludën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluidën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluida",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulussa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluhna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluihna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulusta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluhën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluihën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joululla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joululta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joululën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joululëk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluilën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluilëk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "joulun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulunëk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluinëk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulutta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*joulu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "joulu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/joulu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Yule"
],
"id": "en-joulu-urj-fin-pro-noun-IIHNEclH",
"links": [
[
"Yule",
"Yule"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "joulu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "jõulud",
"3": "jõul",
"g": "p",
"q2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: jõulud pl, (dialectal) jõul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: jõulud pl, (dialectal) jõul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "joulu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: joulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: joulu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "joulu"
},
"expansion": "joulu",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "North Karelian: joulu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "joulu"
},
"expansion": "joulu",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "South Karelian: joulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "Joulu"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: Joulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: Joulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "joul"
},
"expansion": "Võro: joul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: joul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "jõulu"
},
"expansion": "Votic: jõulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: jõulu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "*ᛃᛖᚢᛚᚢ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse *ᛃᛖᚢᛚᚢ (*jeulu)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*jehwlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *jehwlą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*juhla"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of *juhla",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Proto-Norse *ᛃᛖᚢᛚᚢ (*jeulu), from Proto-Germanic *jehwlą, with a substitution *je- → *jo-, as Proto-Finnic didn't allow word-initial *je-. Doublet of *juhla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "joulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joulut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joulut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouludën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluidën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluida",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulussa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluhna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluihna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulusta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluhën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluihën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joululla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joululta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joululën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joululëk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluilën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluilëk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "joulun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulunëk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluinëk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joulutta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouluitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*joulu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "joulu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/joulu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Finnic doublets",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Norse",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"urj-fin-pro:Holidays"
],
"glosses": [
"Yule"
],
"links": [
[
"Yule",
"Yule"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "joulu"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.