See joukko in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "jõuk"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: jõuk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: jõuk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "joukko",
"3": "joukkio",
"t2": "a group of people"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: joukko, joukkio (“a group of people”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: joukko, joukkio (“a group of people”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "joukko"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: joukko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: joukko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "joukko"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: joukko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: joukko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "joukko"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: joukko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: joukko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "d'ouk"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: d'ouk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: d'ouk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "jouk"
},
"expansion": "Veps: jouk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: jouk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "jõukku",
"q1": "Kattila"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Kattila) jõukku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Kattila) jõukku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*jaukiją",
"4": "",
"5": "team of oxen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *jaukiją (“team of oxen”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "eykr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse eykr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yewg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fiu-pro",
"2": "*jowkkᴈ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *jowkkᴈ",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "gyakor"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian gyakor",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"tr": "ľuk"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt [script needed] (ľuk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "юк"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian юк (juk)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably, as per Koivulehto, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *jaukiją (“team of oxen”) (whence Old Norse eykr), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg-.\nIn the past it was thought that the word could originate from Proto-Finno-Ugric *jowkkᴈ, but it is now widely agreed that Hungarian gyakor, on which this reconstruction primarily rests, is in fact not related to the Finnic word, and that Proto-Uralic most likely did not have clusters of three or more consonants.\nThe word is also occasionally, albeit not universally, held to be related to Udmurt [script needed] (ľuk) and Komi-Zyrian юк (juk). According to one theory, the loanword would be old enough to have reached the Permic languages as well. Alternatively, the Permic words could be borrowed from Finnic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "joukko",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'ot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'ot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkodën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'ossa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'ohna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'osta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkohën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'olla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'olta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkolën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkolëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkona",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkonëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'otta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "joukko"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/joukko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"group"
],
"id": "en-joukko-urj-fin-pro-noun-rZNvy-1j",
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "joukko"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "jõuk"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: jõuk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: jõuk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "joukko",
"3": "joukkio",
"t2": "a group of people"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: joukko, joukkio (“a group of people”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: joukko, joukkio (“a group of people”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "joukko"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: joukko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: joukko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "joukko"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: joukko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: joukko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "joukko"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: joukko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: joukko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "d'ouk"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: d'ouk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: d'ouk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "jouk"
},
"expansion": "Veps: jouk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: jouk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "jõukku",
"q1": "Kattila"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Kattila) jõukku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Kattila) jõukku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*jaukiją",
"4": "",
"5": "team of oxen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *jaukiją (“team of oxen”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "eykr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse eykr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yewg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fiu-pro",
"2": "*jowkkᴈ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *jowkkᴈ",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "gyakor"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian gyakor",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"tr": "ľuk"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt [script needed] (ľuk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "юк"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian юк (juk)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably, as per Koivulehto, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *jaukiją (“team of oxen”) (whence Old Norse eykr), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg-.\nIn the past it was thought that the word could originate from Proto-Finno-Ugric *jowkkᴈ, but it is now widely agreed that Hungarian gyakor, on which this reconstruction primarily rests, is in fact not related to the Finnic word, and that Proto-Uralic most likely did not have clusters of three or more consonants.\nThe word is also occasionally, albeit not universally, held to be related to Udmurt [script needed] (ľuk) and Komi-Zyrian юк (juk). According to one theory, the loanword would be old enough to have reached the Permic languages as well. Alternatively, the Permic words could be borrowed from Finnic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "joukko",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'ot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'ot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkodën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'ossa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'ohna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'osta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkohën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'olla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'olta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkolën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkolëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkona",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkonëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joukkoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'otta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jouk'oitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "joukko"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/joukko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Requests for native script for Udmurt terms"
],
"glosses": [
"group"
],
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "joukko"
}
Download raw JSONL data for joukko meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.