See henki in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "hing"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: hing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: hing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "henki"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: henki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: henki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "henki"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: henki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: henki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: henki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: hengi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "jeng"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: jeng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: jeng"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "hengi"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: hengi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: hengi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "heng"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: heng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: heng"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "heng"
},
"expansion": "Veps: heng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: heng"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "heng'",
"3": "hing'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: heng', hing'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: heng', hing'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "entši"
},
"expansion": "Votic: entši",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: entši"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*(h)eaŋkë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *(h)eaŋkë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *(h)eaŋkë (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "ченгемс",
"3": "",
"4": "to burn down; to thirst"
},
"expansion": "Erzya ченгемс (čengems, “to burn down; to thirst”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "ӝог",
"3": "",
"4": "hot, drought"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt ӝог (džog, “hot, drought”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mns-nor",
"2": "саӈк",
"3": "",
"4": "sweat"
},
"expansion": "Northern Mansi саӈк (saňk, “sweat”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Has been compared with various words in other Uralic languages with mainly heat-related meanings (e.g. Erzya ченгемс (čengems, “to burn down; to thirst”), Udmurt ӝог (džog, “hot, drought”), Northern Mansi саӈк (saňk, “sweat”)), and UEW reconstructs a common root *čeŋke, but this is unlikely as initial *č would not regularly result in *h.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "henki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkeden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkiden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkedä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkidä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengessä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengehnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengissä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengihnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengestä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengistä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkehen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkihen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengellä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengillä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengeltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengiltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkelek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkilen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkilek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkenä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkinä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengeksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hengiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hengen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkenek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkinek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengettä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengittä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "henke"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/henki",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/e",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"id": "en-henki-urj-fin-pro-noun-NnocWSRY",
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"soul, life force"
],
"id": "en-henki-urj-fin-pro-noun-6SypGSPk",
"links": [
[
"soul",
"soul"
],
[
"life force",
"life force"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "henki"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/e",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "hing"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: hing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: hing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "henki"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: henki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: henki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "henki"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: henki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: henki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: henki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: hengi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "jeng"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: jeng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: jeng"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "hengi"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: hengi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: hengi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "heng"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: heng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: heng"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "heng"
},
"expansion": "Veps: heng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: heng"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "heng'",
"3": "hing'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: heng', hing'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: heng', hing'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "entši"
},
"expansion": "Votic: entši",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: entši"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*(h)eaŋkë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *(h)eaŋkë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *(h)eaŋkë (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "ченгемс",
"3": "",
"4": "to burn down; to thirst"
},
"expansion": "Erzya ченгемс (čengems, “to burn down; to thirst”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "ӝог",
"3": "",
"4": "hot, drought"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt ӝог (džog, “hot, drought”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mns-nor",
"2": "саӈк",
"3": "",
"4": "sweat"
},
"expansion": "Northern Mansi саӈк (saňk, “sweat”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Has been compared with various words in other Uralic languages with mainly heat-related meanings (e.g. Erzya ченгемс (čengems, “to burn down; to thirst”), Udmurt ӝог (džog, “hot, drought”), Northern Mansi саӈк (saňk, “sweat”)), and UEW reconstructs a common root *čeŋke, but this is unlikely as initial *č would not regularly result in *h.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "henki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkeden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkiden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkedä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkidä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengessä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengehnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengissä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengihnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengestä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengistä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkehen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkihen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengellä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengillä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengeltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengiltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkelek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkilen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkilek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkenä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkinä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengeksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hengiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hengen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "henkenek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "henkinek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hengettä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hengittä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "henke"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/henki",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"soul, life force"
],
"links": [
[
"soul",
"soul"
],
[
"life force",
"life force"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "henki"
}
Download raw JSONL data for henki meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (87ad358 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.