See halpa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "halb",
"t": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: halb (“bad”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: halb (“bad”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "alu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Livonian: alu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Salaca"
},
"expansion": "(Salaca)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "→ Livonian: alu (Salaca)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "halpa"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: halpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: halpa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "halva"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: halva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: halva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "halv"
},
"expansion": "Võro: halv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: halv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "alpõ",
"q1": "Kattila"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Kattila) alpõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Kattila) alpõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halbaz",
"bor": "1+",
"t": "half",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Germanic: *halbaz (“half”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Germanic: *halbaz (“half”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*salwaz",
"4": "",
"5": "dirty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“dirty”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fpr-pro",
"2": "*šalɜ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *šalɜ",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "шулдо"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari шулдо (šuldo)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly, through earlier *šalpa, from Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“dirty”). An alternative theory suggests Uralic origin, from Proto-Finno-Permic *šalɜ, in which case the word may be cognate with Eastern Mari шулдо (šuldo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "halpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halbat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halbat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halbassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halbahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halboihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halbasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halballa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halbalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halbaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "halboiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "halban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halbatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*halpa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "halpa"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/halpa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cheap"
],
"id": "en-halpa-urj-fin-pro-adj-xvVWBG4M",
"links": [
[
"cheap",
"cheap"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"id": "en-halpa-urj-fin-pro-adj-LwXUtonS",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "halpa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic adjectives",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "halb",
"t": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: halb (“bad”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: halb (“bad”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "alu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Livonian: alu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Salaca"
},
"expansion": "(Salaca)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "→ Livonian: alu (Salaca)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "halpa"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: halpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: halpa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "halva"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: halva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: halva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "halv"
},
"expansion": "Võro: halv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: halv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "alpõ",
"q1": "Kattila"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Kattila) alpõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Kattila) alpõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halbaz",
"bor": "1+",
"t": "half",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Germanic: *halbaz (“half”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Germanic: *halbaz (“half”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*salwaz",
"4": "",
"5": "dirty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“dirty”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fpr-pro",
"2": "*šalɜ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *šalɜ",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "шулдо"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari шулдо (šuldo)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly, through earlier *šalpa, from Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“dirty”). An alternative theory suggests Uralic origin, from Proto-Finno-Permic *šalɜ, in which case the word may be cognate with Eastern Mari шулдо (šuldo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "halpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halbat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halbat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halbassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halbahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halboihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halbasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halballa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halbalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halbaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "halboiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "halban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halpanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halpoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "halbatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halboitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*halpa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "halpa"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/halpa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cheap"
],
"links": [
[
"cheap",
"cheap"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "halpa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for halpa meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.