See hëpo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "hobu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: hobu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: hobu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "hepo"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: hepo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: hepo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "hepo"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: hepo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: hepo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: hepo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: hebo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "hebo"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: hebo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: hebo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "hebo"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: hebo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: hebo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "hebo"
},
"expansion": "Veps: hebo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: hebo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "õpo",
"3": "opo"
},
"expansion": "Votic: õpo, opo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: õpo, opo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "Unclear"
},
"expansion": "Unclear",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁éḱwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ehwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ehwaz",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hoppe",
"3": "",
"4": "adult female horse"
},
"expansion": "Danish hoppe (“adult female horse”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hoppa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hoppa",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*huppōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huppōną",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "чома",
"3": "",
"4": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari чома (čoma, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "чань",
"3": "",
"4": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian чань (ćań, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "чуньы",
"3": "",
"4": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt чуньы (ćuńy, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear. Commonly suspected to derive from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos in some fashion, but no clear source has been found. Metathesis from earlier *ëhpo has been suggested, with a possible parallel in *haapa), which would then be borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ehwaz. LÄGLOS remains skeptical about the possibility.\nHas been compared earlier also with Danish hoppe (“adult female horse”), Old Norse hoppa (from Proto-Germanic *huppōną), or with Eastern Mari чома (čoma, “foal”), Komi-Zyrian чань (ćań, “foal”), Udmurt чуньы (ćuńy, “foal”) but since 1950 these have been considered phonetically untenable. The Komi and Udmurt words are possibly rather cognate with *sonni.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpodën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbossa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbohna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbosta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpohën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbolla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbolta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpolën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpolëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpona",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëponëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbotta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hëpo"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hëpo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hëpoinën"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horse"
],
"id": "en-hëpo-urj-fin-pro-noun-~WKGK23C",
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hëpo"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "hëpoinën"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "hobu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: hobu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: hobu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "hepo"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: hepo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: hepo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "hepo"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: hepo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: hepo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: hepo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: hebo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "hebo"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: hebo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: hebo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "hebo"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: hebo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: hebo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "hebo"
},
"expansion": "Veps: hebo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: hebo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "õpo",
"3": "opo"
},
"expansion": "Votic: õpo, opo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: õpo, opo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "Unclear"
},
"expansion": "Unclear",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁éḱwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ehwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ehwaz",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hoppe",
"3": "",
"4": "adult female horse"
},
"expansion": "Danish hoppe (“adult female horse”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hoppa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hoppa",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*huppōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huppōną",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "чома",
"3": "",
"4": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari чома (čoma, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "чань",
"3": "",
"4": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian чань (ćań, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "чуньы",
"3": "",
"4": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt чуньы (ćuńy, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear. Commonly suspected to derive from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos in some fashion, but no clear source has been found. Metathesis from earlier *ëhpo has been suggested, with a possible parallel in *haapa), which would then be borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ehwaz. LÄGLOS remains skeptical about the possibility.\nHas been compared earlier also with Danish hoppe (“adult female horse”), Old Norse hoppa (from Proto-Germanic *huppōną), or with Eastern Mari чома (čoma, “foal”), Komi-Zyrian чань (ćań, “foal”), Udmurt чуньы (ćuńy, “foal”) but since 1950 these have been considered phonetically untenable. The Komi and Udmurt words are possibly rather cognate with *sonni.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpodën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbossa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbohna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbosta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpohën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbolla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbolta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpolën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpolëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpona",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëponëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëpoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hëbotta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hëboitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hëpo"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hëpo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies",
"urj-fin-pro:Equids"
],
"glosses": [
"horse"
],
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hëpo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hëpo meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.