See hän in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"< partitive singular *häntä",
"later reanalyzed"
],
"word": "enda"
},
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"< genitive singular + possessive suffix",
"*hänensäk"
],
"word": "enese"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kven",
"lang_code": "fkv",
"word": "hän"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "hän"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Kattila"
],
"word": "hän"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"word": "hää"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Kattila"
],
"word": "hän"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "hän"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Kattila"
],
"word": "hän"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"word": "hään"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl",
"word": "hiän"
},
{
"lang": "South Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl",
"word": "hiän"
}
],
"lang": "Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "eņtš"
},
{
"lang": "Livvi",
"lang_code": "olo",
"word": "häi"
},
{
"lang": "Ludian",
"lang_code": "lud",
"word": "häin"
},
{
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"word": "hän"
},
{
"lang": "Võro",
"lang_code": "vro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "hindä"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kukkuzi",
"lang_code": "urj-kuk",
"word": "hän"
},
{
"lang": "Kukkuzi",
"lang_code": "urj-kuk",
"word": "hään"
}
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"word": "ene"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*sän"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*sᴕ̈"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *sᴕ̈",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*sonë"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *sonë",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän, *sen, from Proto-Uralic *sᴕ̈. The initial sound change *s > *h is irregular; a similar sound change is regular between the second and third syllables, and the relative lack of sentence stress given to personal pronouns appears to have motivated a similar change (also seen in *hek). Cognate with Proto-Samic *sonë.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "häntä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänessä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hänehnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänestä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänehen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänellä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "häneltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hänelek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hännä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "häneksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hänen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hännek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänettä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "pronouns",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "*hän",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hän"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hän",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"he, she"
],
"id": "en-hän-urj-fin-pro-pron-e2I9cl05",
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A logophoric pronoun."
],
"id": "en-hän-urj-fin-pro-pron-omzy9LOv",
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hän"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse",
"Proto-Finnic personal pronouns",
"Proto-Finnic pronouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"< partitive singular *häntä",
"later reanalyzed"
],
"word": "enda"
},
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"< genitive singular + possessive suffix",
"*hänensäk"
],
"word": "enese"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kven",
"lang_code": "fkv",
"word": "hän"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "hän"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Kattila"
],
"word": "hän"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"word": "hää"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Kattila"
],
"word": "hän"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "hän"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Kattila"
],
"word": "hän"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"word": "hään"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl",
"word": "hiän"
},
{
"lang": "South Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl",
"word": "hiän"
}
],
"lang": "Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "eņtš"
},
{
"lang": "Livvi",
"lang_code": "olo",
"word": "häi"
},
{
"lang": "Ludian",
"lang_code": "lud",
"word": "häin"
},
{
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"word": "hän"
},
{
"lang": "Võro",
"lang_code": "vro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "hindä"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kukkuzi",
"lang_code": "urj-kuk",
"word": "hän"
},
{
"lang": "Kukkuzi",
"lang_code": "urj-kuk",
"word": "hään"
}
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"word": "ene"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*sän"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*sᴕ̈"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *sᴕ̈",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*sonë"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *sonë",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän, *sen, from Proto-Uralic *sᴕ̈. The initial sound change *s > *h is irregular; a similar sound change is regular between the second and third syllables, and the relative lack of sentence stress given to personal pronouns appears to have motivated a similar change (also seen in *hek). Cognate with Proto-Samic *sonë.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "häntä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänessä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hänehnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänestä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänehen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänellä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "häneltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hänelek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hännä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "häneksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hänen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hännek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hänettä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "pronouns",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "*hän",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hän"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hän",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"he, she"
],
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A logophoric pronoun."
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hän"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hän meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (606a11c and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.