"-in" meaning in Proto-Finnic

See -in in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: table Originally diminutive Proto-Uralic *-ma, *-i- extracted from other stems (or by epenthesis, cf. etymology 2), final vowel elided and suffix turned into an e-stem by analogy with other consonantal stems, final *-m > *-n is regular Etymology templates: {{etymid|urj-fin-pro|instrumental}} table, {{der|urj-fin-pro|urj-pro|*-ma}} Proto-Uralic *-ma Head templates: {{head|urj-fin-pro|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}} *-in Inflection templates: {{urj-fin-decl|-im}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -in [nominative, singular], -imet [nominative, plural], -imen [accusative, singular], -imet [accusative, plural], -imen [genitive, singular], -inden [genitive, plural], -imiden [genitive, plural], -intä [partitive, singular], -imitä [partitive, plural], -imessä [inessive, singular], -imehnä [inessive, singular], -imissä [inessive, plural], -imihnä [inessive, plural], -imestä [elative, singular], -imistä [elative, plural], -imesen [illative, singular], -imisen [illative, plural], -imellä [adessive, singular], -imillä [adessive, plural], -imeltä [ablative, singular], -imiltä [ablative, plural], -imelen [allative, singular], -imelek [allative, singular], -imilen [allative, plural], -imilek [allative, plural], -imenä [essive, singular], -iminä [essive, plural], -imeksi [singular, translative], -imiksi [plural, translative], -imen [instructive, singular], -imin [instructive, plural], -imenek [comitative, singular], -iminek [comitative, plural], -imettä [abessive, singular], -imittä [abessive, plural]
  1. Forms nouns from verbs, indicating instruments (tools) are used to perform that verb's action. Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--in-urj-fin-pro-suffix-040Ha5GY Categories (other): Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header: 51 49
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Etymology: table From earlier *-jmi < *-ma, through a change in the final vowel as in *-pi and *-mpi, and epenthesis. The final vowel was eventually elided. Ultimately from Proto-Uralic *-ma. Etymology templates: {{etymid|urj-fin-pro|superlative}} table, {{m|urj-fin-pro|*-pi}} *-pi, {{m|urj-fin-pro|*-mpi}} *-mpi, {{der|urj-fin-pro|urj-pro|*-ma}} Proto-Uralic *-ma Head templates: {{head|urj-fin-pro|suffix}} *-in Inflection templates: {{urj-fin-decl|-ime}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -in [nominative, singular], -imet [nominative, plural], -imen [accusative, singular], -imet [accusative, plural], -imen [genitive, singular], -inden [genitive, plural], -imiden [genitive, plural], -intä [partitive, singular], -imitä [partitive, plural], -imessä [inessive, singular], -imehnä [inessive, singular], -imissä [inessive, plural], -imihnä [inessive, plural], -imestä [elative, singular], -imistä [elative, plural], -imesen [illative, singular], -imisen [illative, plural], -imellä [adessive, singular], -imillä [adessive, plural], -imeltä [ablative, singular], -imiltä [ablative, plural], -imelen [allative, singular], -imelek [allative, singular], -imilen [allative, plural], -imilek [allative, plural], -imenä [essive, singular], -iminä [essive, plural], -imeksi [singular, translative], -imiksi [plural, translative], -imen [instructive, singular], -imin [instructive, plural], -imenek [comitative, singular], -iminek [comitative, plural], -imettä [abessive, singular], -imittä [abessive, plural]
  1. Superlative suffix. Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--in-urj-fin-pro-suffix-b0R1hQHU Categories (other): Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vme Disambiguation of Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header: 51 49 Disambiguation of Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vme: 38 62
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for -in meaning in Proto-Finnic (10.1kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "-i"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: -i",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: -i"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "-in",
            "id": "instrumental"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "-in",
            "id": "instrumental"
          },
          "expansion": "Ingrian: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ingrian: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-in"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "liv",
            "2": "-īm"
          },
          "expansion": "Livonian: -īm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livonian: -īm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "-in"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "-im"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: -im",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: -im"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vro",
            "2": "-i"
          },
          "expansion": "Võro: -i",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Võro: -i"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "instrumental"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-ma"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ma",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nOriginally diminutive Proto-Uralic *-ma, *-i- extracted from other stems (or by epenthesis, cf. etymology 2), final vowel elided and suffix turned into an e-stem by analogy with other consonantal stems, final *-m > *-n is regular",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-in",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-intä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imitä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imessä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imehnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imissä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imihnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imestä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imistä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imesen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imisen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imillä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imeltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imelek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imilen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imilek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imenä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iminä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imeksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imenek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iminek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imettä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imittä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-in",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-im"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-in",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms nouns from verbs, indicating instruments (tools) are used to perform that verb's action."
      ],
      "id": "en--in-urj-fin-pro-suffix-040Ha5GY",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-in"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "-im"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: -im",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: -im (no longer usually productive)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "-in",
            "id": "superlative"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-in"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "-im"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: -im",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: -im (no longer productive)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "superlative"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "*-pi"
      },
      "expansion": "*-pi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "*-mpi"
      },
      "expansion": "*-mpi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-ma"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ma",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nFrom earlier *-jmi < *-ma, through a change in the final vowel as in *-pi and *-mpi, and epenthesis. The final vowel was eventually elided. Ultimately from Proto-Uralic *-ma.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-in",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-intä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imitä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imessä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imehnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imissä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imihnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imestä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imistä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imesen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imisen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imillä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imeltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imelek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imilen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imilek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imenä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iminä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imeksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imenek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iminek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imettä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imittä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*-in",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ime"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-in",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vme",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Superlative suffix."
      ],
      "id": "en--in-urj-fin-pro-suffix-b0R1hQHU",
      "links": [
        [
          "Superlative",
          "superlative#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-in"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
    "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vme",
    "Proto-Finnic noun-forming suffixes",
    "Proto-Finnic suffixes",
    "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "-i"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: -i",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: -i"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "-in",
            "id": "instrumental"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "-in",
            "id": "instrumental"
          },
          "expansion": "Ingrian: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ingrian: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-in"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "liv",
            "2": "-īm"
          },
          "expansion": "Livonian: -īm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livonian: -īm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "-in"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "-im"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: -im",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: -im"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vro",
            "2": "-i"
          },
          "expansion": "Võro: -i",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Võro: -i"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "instrumental"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-ma"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ma",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nOriginally diminutive Proto-Uralic *-ma, *-i- extracted from other stems (or by epenthesis, cf. etymology 2), final vowel elided and suffix turned into an e-stem by analogy with other consonantal stems, final *-m > *-n is regular",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-in",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-intä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imitä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imessä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imehnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imissä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imihnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imestä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imistä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imesen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imisen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imillä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imeltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imelek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imilen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imilek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imenä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iminä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imeksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imenek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iminek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imettä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imittä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-in",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-im"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-in",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms nouns from verbs, indicating instruments (tools) are used to perform that verb's action."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-in"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
    "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vme",
    "Proto-Finnic suffixes",
    "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "-im"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: -im",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: -im (no longer usually productive)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "-in",
            "id": "superlative"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-in"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: -in",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: -in"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "-im"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: -im",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: -im (no longer productive)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "superlative"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "*-pi"
      },
      "expansion": "*-pi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "*-mpi"
      },
      "expansion": "*-mpi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-ma"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ma",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nFrom earlier *-jmi < *-ma, through a change in the final vowel as in *-pi and *-mpi, and epenthesis. The final vowel was eventually elided. Ultimately from Proto-Uralic *-ma.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-in",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-intä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imitä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imessä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imehnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imissä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imihnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imestä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imistä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imesen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imisen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imillä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imeltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imelek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imilen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imilek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imenä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iminä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imeksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imenek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iminek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imettä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-imittä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*-in",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ime"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-in",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Superlative suffix."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Superlative",
          "superlative#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-in"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.