See -inën in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-ne"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -ne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -ne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-inen",
"3": "-nen",
"qq1": "also conflated with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"urj-fin-pro\">*-hinën</i>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -inen (also conflated with *-hinën), -nen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -inen (also conflated with *-hinën), -nen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-in",
"id": "similative"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-inen",
"3": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: -inen, -ine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: -inen, -ine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: -i"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -ine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -ine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -ine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -ine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-in"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-nõ"
},
"expansion": "Võro: -nõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: -nõ/-ne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*-ŋće"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ŋće",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*-ńčë"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *-ńčë",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "",
"3": "nais-"
},
"expansion": "Estonian nais-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "nais-"
},
"expansion": "Finnish nais-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "",
"3": "nais-"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian nais-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "",
"3": "nais-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian nais-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "",
"3": "naiz-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian naiz-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "",
"3": "naiž-"
},
"expansion": "Ludian naiž-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "",
"3": "naiž-"
},
"expansion": "Veps naiž-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "",
"3": "naiz-"
},
"expansion": "Votic naiz-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "less clear"
},
"expansion": "less clear",
"name": "uncertain"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Two distinct stems that have been conflated into a single paradigm, as per Hakulinen; a case of suppletion.\nThe oblique stem *-ice- (sometimes reconstructed as *-icce-, which is probably secondary) is from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ŋće, *-ńće, *-nće, *-nśe, and is cognate with Proto-Samic *-ńčë. The oblique stem is probably original. In many descendants the original nominative can be found in compounds, albeit in reduced form (*naic(ë)- > Estonian nais- in naissugu, Finnish nais- in naissuku, Ingrian nais- in naissuku, Karelian nais- in naispuoli, Livonian naiz- in naizjemā, Ludian naiž- in naižluad, Veps naiž- in naižvald, Votic naiz- in naizeläje). Remnants of the original nominative *-ici may be preserved in toponyms (Alhaisi near Salo in Finland, Ihalaisi, Ikäpäivösi and Vornaisi in Ingria).\nThe origin of the nominative *-inen is less clear; it might be related to *-na (diminutive suffix), in which case the -i- would be analogous to the oblique stem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-inën / *-inen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-icë- / *-ice-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-inën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ictën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icessa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icehna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icesta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icesën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icella",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icelta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icelën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icelëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iceksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iciksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-icen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-innëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icetta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*-icë- / *-ice-",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
"head": "*-inën / *-inen"
},
"expansion": "*-inën / *-inen (stem *-icë- / *-ice-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-inën"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-inën",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A general diminutive suffix."
],
"id": "en--inën-urj-fin-pro-suffix-Be9AH-g-",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"-ish, -ic, -like, -y (forming adjectives)"
],
"id": "en--inën-urj-fin-pro-suffix-w27HuhFv",
"links": [
[
"-ish",
"-ish"
],
[
"-ic",
"-ic"
],
[
"-like",
"-like"
],
[
"-y",
"-y"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 8 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 13 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 11 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vce",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-en (material something is made of)"
],
"id": "en--inën-urj-fin-pro-suffix-jKwP9AIq",
"links": [
[
"-en",
"-en"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-inën"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vce",
"Proto-Finnic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-ne"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -ne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -ne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-inen",
"3": "-nen",
"qq1": "also conflated with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"urj-fin-pro\">*-hinën</i>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -inen (also conflated with *-hinën), -nen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -inen (also conflated with *-hinën), -nen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-in",
"id": "similative"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-inen",
"3": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: -inen, -ine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: -inen, -ine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: -i"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -ine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -ine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -ine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -ine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-in"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-nõ"
},
"expansion": "Võro: -nõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: -nõ/-ne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*-ŋće"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ŋće",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*-ńčë"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *-ńčë",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "",
"3": "nais-"
},
"expansion": "Estonian nais-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "nais-"
},
"expansion": "Finnish nais-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "",
"3": "nais-"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian nais-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "",
"3": "nais-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian nais-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "",
"3": "naiz-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian naiz-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "",
"3": "naiž-"
},
"expansion": "Ludian naiž-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "",
"3": "naiž-"
},
"expansion": "Veps naiž-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "",
"3": "naiz-"
},
"expansion": "Votic naiz-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "less clear"
},
"expansion": "less clear",
"name": "uncertain"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Two distinct stems that have been conflated into a single paradigm, as per Hakulinen; a case of suppletion.\nThe oblique stem *-ice- (sometimes reconstructed as *-icce-, which is probably secondary) is from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ŋće, *-ńće, *-nće, *-nśe, and is cognate with Proto-Samic *-ńčë. The oblique stem is probably original. In many descendants the original nominative can be found in compounds, albeit in reduced form (*naic(ë)- > Estonian nais- in naissugu, Finnish nais- in naissuku, Ingrian nais- in naissuku, Karelian nais- in naispuoli, Livonian naiz- in naizjemā, Ludian naiž- in naižluad, Veps naiž- in naižvald, Votic naiz- in naizeläje). Remnants of the original nominative *-ici may be preserved in toponyms (Alhaisi near Salo in Finland, Ihalaisi, Ikäpäivösi and Vornaisi in Ingria).\nThe origin of the nominative *-inen is less clear; it might be related to *-na (diminutive suffix), in which case the -i- would be analogous to the oblique stem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-inën / *-inen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-icë- / *-ice-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-inën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ictën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icessa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icehna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icesta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icesën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icella",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icelta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icelën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icelëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iceksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iciksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-icen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-innëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-icetta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-icitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*-icë- / *-ice-",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
"head": "*-inën / *-inen"
},
"expansion": "*-inën / *-inen (stem *-icë- / *-ice-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-inën"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-inën",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A general diminutive suffix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"-ish, -ic, -like, -y (forming adjectives)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ish",
"-ish"
],
[
"-ic",
"-ic"
],
[
"-like",
"-like"
],
[
"-y",
"-y"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"-en (material something is made of)"
],
"links": [
[
"-en",
"-en"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-inën"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -inën meaning in Proto-Finnic (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.