See -inën in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "et", "2": "-ne" }, "expansion": "Estonian: -ne", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Estonian: -ne" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "-inen", "3": "-nen", "qq1": "also conflated with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"urj-fin-pro\">*-hinën</i>" }, "expansion": "Finnish: -inen (also conflated with *-hinën), -nen", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Finnish: -inen (also conflated with *-hinën), -nen" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "izh", "2": "-in", "id": "similative" }, "expansion": "Ingrian: -in", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Ingrian: -in" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "krl", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Karelian:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Karelian:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "North Karelian: -ni" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "South Karelian: -ne" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "liv", "2": "-i" }, "expansion": "Livonian: -i", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Livonian: -i" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "olo", "2": "-ine" }, "expansion": "Livvi: -ine", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Livvi: -ine" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lud", "2": "-ine" }, "expansion": "Ludian: -ine", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Ludian: -ine" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vep", "2": "-ine" }, "expansion": "Veps: -ine", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Veps: -ine" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vot", "2": "-in" }, "expansion": "Votic: -in", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Votic: -in" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vro", "2": "-nõ" }, "expansion": "Võro: -nõ", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Võro: -nõ/-ne" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "fiu-pro", "3": "*-ŋće" }, "expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ŋće", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "smi-pro", "2": "*-ńčë" }, "expansion": "Proto-Samic *-ńčë", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "et", "2": "", "3": "nais-" }, "expansion": "Estonian nais-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "", "3": "nais-" }, "expansion": "Finnish nais-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "izh", "2": "", "3": "nais-" }, "expansion": "Ingrian nais-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "krl", "2": "", "3": "nais-" }, "expansion": "Karelian nais-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "liv", "2": "", "3": "naiz-" }, "expansion": "Livonian naiz-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "lud", "2": "", "3": "naiž-" }, "expansion": "Ludian naiž-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "vep", "2": "", "3": "naiž-" }, "expansion": "Veps naiž-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "vot", "2": "", "3": "naiz-" }, "expansion": "Votic naiz-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "less clear" }, "expansion": "less clear", "name": "uncertain" } ], "etymology_text": "Two distinct stems that have been conflated into a single paradigm, as per Hakulinen; a case of suppletion.\nThe oblique stem *-ice- (sometimes reconstructed as *-icce-, which is probably secondary) is from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ŋće, *-ńće, *-nće, *-nśe, and is cognate with Proto-Samic *-ńčë. The oblique stem is probably original. In many descendants the original nominative can be found in compounds, albeit in reduced form (*naic(ë)- > Estonian nais- in naissugu, Finnish nais- in naissuku, Ingrian nais- in naissuku, Karelian nais- in naispuoli, Livonian naiz- in naizjemā, Ludian naiž- in naižluad, Veps naiž- in naižvald, Votic naiz- in naizeläje). Remnants of the original nominative *-ici may be preserved in toponyms (Alhaisi near Salo in Finland, Ihalaisi, Ikäpäivösi and Vornaisi in Ingria).\nThe origin of the nominative *-inen, as well as the motivation for the suppletion, is less clear; it might be related to *-na (diminutive suffix), in which case the -i- would be analogous to the oblique stem. Salo (2016) makes the observation that the suffix is quite similar to the comitative suffix *-inëk; a word like *soolainën could have originally meant \"with (much) salt, abounding in salt\", before developing into the adjective \"salty\". In this case, *-inen may have originally been an adjective-forming suffix, which may have combined with an older diminutive suffix to form a single suppletive adjective-diminutive suffix.", "forms": [ { "form": "-inën / *-inen", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "-icë- / *-ice-", "tags": [ "stem" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "urj-fin-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-inën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icet", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icet", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-ictën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icidën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icessa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icehna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icissa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icihna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icesta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icista", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icesën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icisën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icella", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icilla", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icelta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icilta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icelën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icelëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icilën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icilëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-inna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icina", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-iceksi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-iciksi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-icen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-innëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icinëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icetta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icitta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "suffix", "3": "stem", "4": "*-icë- / *-ice-", "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes", "cat3": "noun-forming suffixes", "head": "*-inën / *-inen" }, "expansion": "*-inën / *-inen (stem *-icë- / *-ice-)", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-inën" }, "name": "urj-fin-decl" } ], "lang": "Proto-Finnic", "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-inën", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "A general diminutive suffix." ], "id": "en--inën-urj-fin-pro-suffix-Be9AH-g-", "tags": [ "morpheme", "reconstruction" ] }, { "glosses": [ "-ish, -ic, -like, -y (forming adjectives)" ], "id": "en--inën-urj-fin-pro-suffix-w27HuhFv", "links": [ [ "-ish", "-ish" ], [ "-ic", "-ic" ], [ "-like", "-like" ], [ "-y", "-y" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "reconstruction" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "16 14 70", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages using catfix", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "14 8 78", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "9 7 84", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 13 63", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "20 11 69", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vce", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "-en (material something is made of)" ], "id": "en--inën-urj-fin-pro-suffix-jKwP9AIq", "links": [ [ "-en", "-en" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "-inën" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages using catfix", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Finnic adjective-forming suffixes", "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Finnic lemmas", "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vce", "Proto-Finnic noun-forming suffixes", "Proto-Finnic suffixes", "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric", "Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric", "Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "et", "2": "-ne" }, "expansion": "Estonian: -ne", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Estonian: -ne" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "-inen", "3": "-nen", "qq1": "also conflated with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"urj-fin-pro\">*-hinën</i>" }, "expansion": "Finnish: -inen (also conflated with *-hinën), -nen", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Finnish: -inen (also conflated with *-hinën), -nen" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "izh", "2": "-in", "id": "similative" }, "expansion": "Ingrian: -in", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Ingrian: -in" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "krl", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Karelian:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Karelian:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "North Karelian: -ni" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "South Karelian: -ne" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "liv", "2": "-i" }, "expansion": "Livonian: -i", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Livonian: -i" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "olo", "2": "-ine" }, "expansion": "Livvi: -ine", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Livvi: -ine" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lud", "2": "-ine" }, "expansion": "Ludian: -ine", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Ludian: -ine" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vep", "2": "-ine" }, "expansion": "Veps: -ine", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Veps: -ine" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vot", "2": "-in" }, "expansion": "Votic: -in", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Votic: -in" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vro", "2": "-nõ" }, "expansion": "Võro: -nõ", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Võro: -nõ/-ne" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "fiu-pro", "3": "*-ŋće" }, "expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ŋće", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "smi-pro", "2": "*-ńčë" }, "expansion": "Proto-Samic *-ńčë", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "et", "2": "", "3": "nais-" }, "expansion": "Estonian nais-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "", "3": "nais-" }, "expansion": "Finnish nais-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "izh", "2": "", "3": "nais-" }, "expansion": "Ingrian nais-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "krl", "2": "", "3": "nais-" }, "expansion": "Karelian nais-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "liv", "2": "", "3": "naiz-" }, "expansion": "Livonian naiz-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "lud", "2": "", "3": "naiž-" }, "expansion": "Ludian naiž-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "vep", "2": "", "3": "naiž-" }, "expansion": "Veps naiž-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "vot", "2": "", "3": "naiz-" }, "expansion": "Votic naiz-", "name": "ncog" }, { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "less clear" }, "expansion": "less clear", "name": "uncertain" } ], "etymology_text": "Two distinct stems that have been conflated into a single paradigm, as per Hakulinen; a case of suppletion.\nThe oblique stem *-ice- (sometimes reconstructed as *-icce-, which is probably secondary) is from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ŋće, *-ńće, *-nće, *-nśe, and is cognate with Proto-Samic *-ńčë. The oblique stem is probably original. In many descendants the original nominative can be found in compounds, albeit in reduced form (*naic(ë)- > Estonian nais- in naissugu, Finnish nais- in naissuku, Ingrian nais- in naissuku, Karelian nais- in naispuoli, Livonian naiz- in naizjemā, Ludian naiž- in naižluad, Veps naiž- in naižvald, Votic naiz- in naizeläje). Remnants of the original nominative *-ici may be preserved in toponyms (Alhaisi near Salo in Finland, Ihalaisi, Ikäpäivösi and Vornaisi in Ingria).\nThe origin of the nominative *-inen, as well as the motivation for the suppletion, is less clear; it might be related to *-na (diminutive suffix), in which case the -i- would be analogous to the oblique stem. Salo (2016) makes the observation that the suffix is quite similar to the comitative suffix *-inëk; a word like *soolainën could have originally meant \"with (much) salt, abounding in salt\", before developing into the adjective \"salty\". In this case, *-inen may have originally been an adjective-forming suffix, which may have combined with an older diminutive suffix to form a single suppletive adjective-diminutive suffix.", "forms": [ { "form": "-inën / *-inen", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "-icë- / *-ice-", "tags": [ "stem" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "urj-fin-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-inën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icet", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icet", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-ictën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icidën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "partitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "partitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icessa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icehna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icissa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icihna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icesta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icista", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icesën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icisën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icella", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icilla", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icelta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icilta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icelën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icelëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icilën", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icilëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-inna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "essive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icina", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "essive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-iceksi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-iciksi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "-icen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instructive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instructive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-innëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "comitative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icinëk", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "comitative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-icetta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "abessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-icitta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "abessive", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "suffix", "3": "stem", "4": "*-icë- / *-ice-", "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes", "cat3": "noun-forming suffixes", "head": "*-inën / *-inen" }, "expansion": "*-inën / *-inen (stem *-icë- / *-ice-)", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-inën" }, "name": "urj-fin-decl" } ], "lang": "Proto-Finnic", "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-inën", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "A general diminutive suffix." ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "reconstruction" ] }, { "glosses": [ "-ish, -ic, -like, -y (forming adjectives)" ], "links": [ [ "-ish", "-ish" ], [ "-ic", "-ic" ], [ "-like", "-like" ], [ "-y", "-y" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "reconstruction" ] }, { "glosses": [ "-en (material something is made of)" ], "links": [ [ "-en", "-en" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "-inën" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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