wolkos in Proto-Celtic

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Etymology: Uncertain. Possibly related to *ulkos (“bad, evil”), hinted by early Celtic farmers' hostility towards birds of prey. If so, cognate with Old Irish olc. However, this is uncertain. Alternatively perhaps related to Latin falcō (“falcon”). Etymology templates: {{unc|cel-pro}} Uncertain, {{cog|sga|olc}} Old Irish olc, {{cog|la|falcō|t=falcon}} Latin falcō (“falcon”) Head templates: {{head|cel-pro|noun|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=}} *wolkos m Inflection templates: {{cel-decl-noun-o-m|wolk}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], wolkos [masculine, nominative, singular, stem], wolkou [dual, masculine, nominative, stem], wolkoi [masculine, nominative, plural, stem], wolke [masculine, singular, stem, vocative], wolkou [dual, masculine, stem, vocative], wolkūs [masculine, plural, stem, vocative], wolkom [accusative, masculine, singular, stem], wolkou [accusative, dual, masculine, stem], wolkoms [accusative, masculine, plural, stem], wolkī [genitive, masculine, singular, stem], wolkous [dual, genitive, masculine, stem], wolkom [genitive, masculine, plural, stem], wolkūi [dative, masculine, singular, stem], wolkobom [dative, dual, masculine, stem], wolkobos [dative, masculine, plural, stem], wolkei [locative, masculine, singular, stem], - [dual, locative, masculine, stem], - [locative, masculine, plural, stem], wolkū [instrumental, masculine, singular, stem], wolkobim [dual, instrumental, masculine, stem], wolkūis [instrumental, masculine, plural, stem]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*gwalx",
            "notext": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "*gwalx",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Brythonic: *gwalx"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "gwalc’h"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: gwalc’h",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: gwalc’h"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "gwalch"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: gwalch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: gwalch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "*Wolcās",
            "notext": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "*Wolcās",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gaulish: *Wolcās"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "Volcae"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: Volcae",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: Volcae"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "olc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish olc",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "falcō",
        "t": "falcon"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin falcō (“falcon”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly related to *ulkos (“bad, evil”), hinted by early Celtic farmers' hostility towards birds of prey. If so, cognate with Old Irish olc. However, this is uncertain. Alternatively perhaps related to Latin falcō (“falcon”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkūs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkoms",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkūi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkobom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkobos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkobim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkūis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*wolkos m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wolk"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wolkos",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hawk"
      ],
      "id": "en-wolkos-cel-pro-noun-ATm8Xeuq",
      "links": [
        [
          "hawk",
          "hawk"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wolkos"
}

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*gwalx",
            "notext": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "*gwalx",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Brythonic: *gwalx"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "gwalc’h"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: gwalc’h",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: gwalc’h"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "gwalch"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: gwalch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: gwalch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "*Wolcās",
            "notext": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "*Wolcās",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gaulish: *Wolcās"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "Volcae"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: Volcae",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: Volcae"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "olc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish olc",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "falcō",
        "t": "falcon"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin falcō (“falcon”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly related to *ulkos (“bad, evil”), hinted by early Celtic farmers' hostility towards birds of prey. If so, cognate with Old Irish olc. However, this is uncertain. Alternatively perhaps related to Latin falcō (“falcon”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkūs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkoms",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkūi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkobom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkobos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkobim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wolkūis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*wolkos m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wolk"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wolkos",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Celtic lemmas",
        "Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Celtic nouns",
        "Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hawk"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hawk",
          "hawk"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wolkos"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"wolkos" meaning in Proto-Celtic

Noun