See wolkos on Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-bry-pro", "2": "*gwalx", "notext": "1" }, "expansion": "*gwalx", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Brythonic: *gwalx" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "br", "2": "gwalc’h" }, "expansion": "Breton: gwalc’h", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Breton: gwalc’h" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "gwalch" }, "expansion": "Welsh: gwalch", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Welsh: gwalch" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-gau", "2": "*Wolcās", "notext": "1" }, "expansion": "*Wolcās", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Gaulish: *Wolcās" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "Volcae" }, "expansion": "Latin: Volcae", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Latin: Volcae" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "non", "2": "valr", "bor": "1", "id": "falcon", "t": "falcon", "unc": "1" }, "expansion": "→? Old Norse: valr (“falcon”)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→? Old Norse: valr (“falcon”)" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro" }, "expansion": "Uncertain", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "sga", "2": "olc" }, "expansion": "Old Irish olc", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "falcō", "t": "falcon" }, "expansion": "Latin falcō (“falcon”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly related to *ulkos (“bad, evil”), hinted by early Celtic farmers' hostility towards birds of prey. If so, cognate with Old Irish olc. However, this is uncertain. Alternatively perhaps related to Latin falcō (“falcon”).", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "wolkos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "nominative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolke", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "singular", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkoms", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkūi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "locative", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "instrumental", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkūis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "noun", "cat2": "", "g": "m", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "" }, "expansion": "*wolkos m", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "wolk" }, "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m" } ], "lang": "Proto-Celtic", "lang_code": "cel-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wolkos", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "33 33 33", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "37 31 32", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "37 31 32", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "hawk" ], "id": "en-wolkos-cel-pro-noun-ATm8Xeuq", "links": [ [ "hawk", "hawk" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine", "reconstruction" ] } ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers" ], "word": "wolkos" } { "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "wolkīti" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-bry-pro", "2": "*gwolx" }, "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *gwolx", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *gwolx" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "br", "2": "gwalc'h", "3": "golc'h" }, "expansion": "Breton: gwalc'h, golc'h", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Breton: gwalc'h, golc'h" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "golch", "t": "washing, lotion" }, "expansion": "Welsh: golch (“washing, lotion”)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Welsh: golch (“washing, lotion”)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "mga", "2": "folc" }, "expansion": "Middle Irish: folc", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle Irish: folc" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ga", "2": "folc" }, "expansion": "Irish: folc", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Irish: folc" } ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "rain" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "", "4": "*wólkos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wólkos", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*welg-", "t": "wet" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welg- (“wet”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *wólkos, an o-grade *-os noun formed from a root *welk-.\nMatasović derives *welk- from Proto-Indo-European *welg- (“wet”). A root noun ending in *-g-s (Matasović supposes *wṓlg-s ~ *wolg-os) would have the velar devoice to *-k-, which would then spawn a neo-root as the nominative -k- would be generalized throughout the root noun's paradigm.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "wolkos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "nominative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolke", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "singular", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkoms", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkūi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "locative", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "instrumental", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkūis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "noun", "cat2": "", "g": "m", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "" }, "expansion": "*wolkos m", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "wolk" }, "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m" } ], "lang": "Proto-Celtic", "lang_code": "cel-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wolkos", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "33 33 33", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "37 31 32", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "37 31 32", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "rain, shower" ], "id": "en-wolkos-cel-pro-noun-vA3fbyWy", "links": [ [ "rain", "rain" ], [ "shower", "shower" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine", "reconstruction" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "33 33 33", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "37 31 32", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "37 31 32", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "wet weather" ], "id": "en-wolkos-cel-pro-noun-vlB69kfy", "links": [ [ "wet", "wet" ], [ "weather", "weather" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine", "reconstruction" ] } ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers" ], "word": "wolkos" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Celtic lemmas", "Proto-Celtic masculine nouns", "Proto-Celtic nouns", "Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns", "Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-bry-pro", "2": "*gwalx", "notext": "1" }, "expansion": "*gwalx", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Brythonic: *gwalx" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "br", "2": "gwalc’h" }, "expansion": "Breton: gwalc’h", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Breton: gwalc’h" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "gwalch" }, "expansion": "Welsh: gwalch", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Welsh: gwalch" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-gau", "2": "*Wolcās", "notext": "1" }, "expansion": "*Wolcās", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Gaulish: *Wolcās" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "Volcae" }, "expansion": "Latin: Volcae", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Latin: Volcae" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "non", "2": "valr", "bor": "1", "id": "falcon", "t": "falcon", "unc": "1" }, "expansion": "→? Old Norse: valr (“falcon”)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→? Old Norse: valr (“falcon”)" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro" }, "expansion": "Uncertain", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "sga", "2": "olc" }, "expansion": "Old Irish olc", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "falcō", "t": "falcon" }, "expansion": "Latin falcō (“falcon”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly related to *ulkos (“bad, evil”), hinted by early Celtic farmers' hostility towards birds of prey. If so, cognate with Old Irish olc. However, this is uncertain. Alternatively perhaps related to Latin falcō (“falcon”).", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "wolkos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "nominative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolke", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "singular", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkoms", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkūi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "locative", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "instrumental", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkūis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "noun", "cat2": "", "g": "m", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "" }, "expansion": "*wolkos m", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "wolk" }, "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m" } ], "lang": "Proto-Celtic", "lang_code": "cel-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wolkos", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "hawk" ], "links": [ [ "hawk", "hawk" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine", "reconstruction" ] } ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers" ], "word": "wolkos" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Celtic lemmas", "Proto-Celtic masculine nouns", "Proto-Celtic nouns", "Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns", "Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European" ], "derived": [ { "word": "wolkīti" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-bry-pro", "2": "*gwolx" }, "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *gwolx", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *gwolx" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "br", "2": "gwalc'h", "3": "golc'h" }, "expansion": "Breton: gwalc'h, golc'h", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Breton: gwalc'h, golc'h" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "golch", "t": "washing, lotion" }, "expansion": "Welsh: golch (“washing, lotion”)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Welsh: golch (“washing, lotion”)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "mga", "2": "folc" }, "expansion": "Middle Irish: folc", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle Irish: folc" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ga", "2": "folc" }, "expansion": "Irish: folc", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Irish: folc" } ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "rain" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "", "4": "*wólkos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wólkos", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*welg-", "t": "wet" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welg- (“wet”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *wólkos, an o-grade *-os noun formed from a root *welk-.\nMatasović derives *welk- from Proto-Indo-European *welg- (“wet”). A root noun ending in *-g-s (Matasović supposes *wṓlg-s ~ *wolg-os) would have the velar devoice to *-k-, which would then spawn a neo-root as the nominative -k- would be generalized throughout the root noun's paradigm.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "wolkos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "nominative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolke", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "singular", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "stem", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "wolkom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkoms", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkūi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "locative", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "singular", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkobim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "instrumental", "masculine", "stem" ] }, { "form": "wolkūis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "plural", "stem" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "noun", "cat2": "", "g": "m", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "" }, "expansion": "*wolkos m", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "wolk" }, "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m" } ], "lang": "Proto-Celtic", "lang_code": "cel-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wolkos", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "rain, shower" ], "links": [ [ "rain", "rain" ], [ "shower", "shower" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine", "reconstruction" ] }, { "glosses": [ "wet weather" ], "links": [ [ "wet", "wet" ], [ "weather", "weather" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine", "reconstruction" ] } ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers" ], "word": "wolkos" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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